√NAY root. “cause bitter grief or pain, lament”

References ✧ PE17/99, 151, 166

Glosses

• “cause bitter grief or pain” ✧ PE17/151.0312; PE17/166.0801

Variations

• NAY ✧ PE17/151.0312; PE17/166.0801
• NAYA ✧ PE17/099.1406; PE17/166.1001

Related

• NDAY “dreadful, abominable, detestable” is blended with NAY “cause bitter grief or pain” ✧ PE17/151.0202

Derivatives

• > Q. nai- “ill, grievously, abominably” ✧ PE17/151.0601
  • ⇒ Q. naiquet- “to curse or blaspheme” ✧ PE17/151.0607
• > Q. naica “bitterly painful or grievous” ✧ PE17/151.0503
• > Q. naira² “dreadful, horrible, unendurable” ✧ PE17/151.0508
• > S. naer “dreadful, horrible, unendurable; sad, lamentable” ✧ PE17/151.0513
  • ⇒ S. Cabed Naeramarth “Leap of Dreadful Doom” ✧ S/224.0105
  • ⇒ S. naergon “woeful lament”

ᴹ√NAY root. “lament”

References ✧ Ety/NAY, NEI; EtyAC/NEI

Glosses

• “lament” ✧ Ety/NAY.001

Related

• NEI̯ “tear” ✧ EtyAC/NEI.008
• NAYAK “pain” could be an extension of NAY “lament”
• N. naeth “biting” is associated with NAY “lament” ✧ Ety/NAY.003

Derivatives

• > ᴹ✶nāyǝ “lament” ✧ Ety/NAY.046
  • > ON. nui “lament” ✧ Ety/NAY.042
    • ⇒ ON. Nuinor “Lament” ✧ Ety/NAY.047
• > ᴹQ. nai “alas” ✧ Ety/NAY.040
• > ᴹQ. naina- “to lament” ✧ Ety/NAY.030
• > ᴹQ. naire “lament, sorrow” ✧ Ety/NAY.028
  • ⇒ ᴹQ. nairea “sorrowful”
• > N. nae “alas” ✧ Ety/NAY.037
• ⇒ N. nírnaeth “lamentation” ✧ Ety/NEI.016
  • ⇒ N. Dagor Nirnaith “Battle of Unnumbered Tears”
  • ⇒ N. Nírnaeth Aronoded ✧ Ety/NAY.024
  • ⇒ N. Nirnaith Arnediad “Unnumbered Tears” ✧ Ety/NAY.022
• > N. noer “sad, lamentable” ✧ Ety/NAY.033

ᴱ√ŊAHYA root. “hurt, grieve”

References ✧ GL/37; PME/65; QL/34, 65, 81

Glosses

• “hurt, grieve” ✧ QL/065.0901 (NAẎA)

Variations

• ŋahya ✧ PME/065.2006
• ŋaı̯ ✧ GL/37.1701
• ňaẏa ✧ PME/065.2005
• NAẎA ✧ QL/034.5504; QL/065.0901; QL/081.7403
• ŊAH͡YA ✧ QL/034.5505; QL/065.0905

Related

• G. gaig “weapon, tool” was apparently influenced by ŊAHYA “hurt, grieve”

Derivatives

• > ᴱ✶ŋaistă “to oppress, cause great grief to” ✧ GL/37.2401
  • > ᴱQ. naista- “to oppress, cause great grief to” ✧ GL/37.2403
  • > G. gaista- “to oppress, cause great grief to” ✧ GL/37.2201
• > ᴱQ. Angaino “Oppressor, Tormentor” ✧ QL/034.5201; QL/034.5203
• > ᴱQ. angaisin(i)e “torment” ✧ QL/034.5401
• > ᴱQ. angaitya- “torment” ✧ QL/034.5301; QL/081.7501
• > ᴱQ. angayanda “miserable” ✧ QL/034.5101
• > ᴱQ. angayasse “misery” ✧ QL/034.5001; QL/065.1001; QL/081.7406
• > ᴱQ. naika¹ “dagger”
• > ᴱQ. naika² “stricken ill, sick”
  • ⇒ ᴱQ. naiko “*sickly” ✧ PE16/075.2401
• > ᴱQ. naike¹ “pain” ✧ QL/065.1401
  • ⇒ ᴱQ. naikele “anguish” ✧ QL/065.1501
    • ⇒ ᴱQ. naikelea “agonizing” ✧ QL/065.1701
  • ⇒ ᴱQ. naiqa “painful” ✧ QL/065.1601
• > ᴱQ. naira “dire, grievous” ✧ QL/065.1101
• > ᴱQ. naitya- “to damage, hurt; to put to shame, abuse” ✧ QL/065.1801
• > ᴱQ. naya- “it grieves” ✧ QL/065.1201
• ⇒ ᴱQ. Sangayando “Dealer of Wounds” ✧ QL/081.7201
• > G. Gainu “Tormentor” ✧ GL/37.1501
• > G. gaist “torment, oppression” ✧ GL/37.2101
• ⇒ G. Sangair