S. [N.] tara, adj. “tough, stiff”

Related

• tarch “stiff, rough (or tough)” may replace tara “tough, stiff”

N. tara adj. “tough, stiff”

References ✧ Ety/TÁRAG; PE22/34

Glosses

• “tough” ✧ PE22/034.3211
• “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG.010

Variations

• tara ✧ Ety/TÁRAG.010; PE22/034.3211

Inflections

tar-

prefix

✧ Ety/TÁRAG.011

Element In

• ⇒ N. tarlanc “stiff-necked, obstinate” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG.015

Cognates

• Ilk. targ “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG.013
• ᴹQ. tarya “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG.006
• ON. targa “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG.008

Derivations

• < ON. targa “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG.008; PE22/034.3215
  • < targh < targa ✧ PE22/034.3215
  • < ᴹ✶targā “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG.002
    • < ᴹ√TARAG ✧ Ety/TÁRAG.001 (TÁRAG)

Phonetic Developments

ON. targa > tara	[targa] > [tarɣa] > [tarɣ] > [tara]	✧ Ety/TÁRAG.010
ON. targa > targh > tara	[targa] > [tarɣa] > [tarɣ] > [tara]	✧ PE22/034.3211

ᴱN. arch adj. “rough”

References ✧ PE13/137, 160

Glosses

• “rough” ✧ PE13/137.5601; PE13/160.2301
• “rough, fierce” ✧ PE13/137.5701 (arch)

Variations

• arch ✧ PE13/137.5601; PE13/160.2301; PE13/137.5701 (arch)

Changes

• arch “rough, fierce” >> arch “rough” ✧ PE13/137.5701

Inflections

e(i)rch

plural

✧ PE13/137.5604; PE13/160.2305

Element In

• ⇒ ᴱN. archos “roughness, ruggedness, rudeness” ✧ PE13/160.2401

Cognates

• ᴱQ. ráqa “rough” ✧ PE13/160.2603

Derivations

• < ᴱ✶a-rak-wa ✧ PE13/160.2604
• < ᴱ✶ṝk-
  • < ᴱ√RIKI?

G. arc adj. “fierce, harsh, ill tempered; awkward, difficult”

References ✧ GL/20, 65; PE13/110

Glosses

• “fierce, harsh, ill tempered; awkward, difficult” ✧ GL/20.1001
• “fierce, harsh; awkward, difficult” ✧ PE13/110.5701 (arch)

Variations

• arc ✧ GL/20.1001; GL/65.4203
• arch ✧ PE13/110.5701

Related

• arc “fierce, harsh, ill tempered; awkward, difficult” cp ‽ rig ✧ GL/20.1001
• ᴱ√rig- cp. ‽ arc ✧ GL/65.4201

Element In

• ⇒ G. archod “difficulty” ✧ PE13/110.6201
• ⇒ G. archos “savagery, evil temper” ✧ GL/20.1201; PE13/110.6401 (archuis)

Derivations

• < ᴱ✶ṝk- ✧ GL/20.1007 (r̄k-); PE13/110.5704 (ṝkă)
  • < ᴱ√RIKI?

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ✶r̄k- > arc	[ṝk] > [ark]	✧ GL/20.1001
ᴱ✶ṝkă > arch	[ṝka] > [arka] > [ark] > [arx] > [arx]	✧ PE13/110.5701