✶medial [ɣ]/[h] vanished except before [t]; [-h-|VhC|ht] > [-ø-|V̄øC|xt]
References ✧ PE18/104; PE19/74, 100; VT47/6, 12; WJ/368
Order ()
| After | [hs] became [ss] |
Related
Phonetic Rule Elements
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✧ PE19/74 (h > [ø]; medially); WJ/368 (h > [ø]; medial) |
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✧ VT47/6 (ʒ > [ø]) |
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✧ VT47/12 (ʒ > [V̄ø]; before other consonants [not s, t]) |
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✧ PE18/98 (iʒ > [ī]; before a consonant) |
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✧ PE18/98 (uʒ > [ū]; before a consonant) |
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Phonetic Rule Examples
| māh > mā | -h- > -ø- | ✶māh > Q. mâ | ✧ PE19/102 |
| maha > mā | -h- > -ø- | √maha > Q. mā | ✧ VT39/11 |
| aɣūlē > aulē | -ɣ- > -ø- | Val. Aʒūlēz > Q. Aulë | ✧ WJ/399 |
| eɣa > ea | -ɣ- > -ø- | √EŊE > Q. ëa | ✧ PE22/147 |
| eɣa > ea | -ɣ- > -ø- | √EŊE > Q. eä | ✧ PE22/147 |
| eɣa > ea | -ɣ- > -ø- | ✶eŋa > Q. ëa | ✧ PE22/166 |
| eɣa > ea | -ɣ- > -ø- | √eŋe > Q. ëa | ✧ VT49/28 |
| eɣa > ea | -ɣ- > -ø- | ✶eŋe > Q. ea | ✧ VT49/29 |
| ēɣijē > ēijē | -ɣ- > -ø- | ✶e-ēŋiı̯ē > ēŋie > ēiı̯ē > Q. †éye | ✧ VT49/29 |
| jujɣal > jujal | -ɣ- > -ø- | ✶yuy(u)ŋal > Q. yúyal | ✧ PE17/169 |
| jujuɣal > jujual | -ɣ- > -ø- | ✶yuy(u)ŋal > S. uial | ✧ PE17/169 |
| laɣa > lā | -ɣ- > -ø- | ✶laŋa > Q. lā | ✧ PE17/65 |
| laɣa > lā | -ɣ- > -ø- | √LAŊ > Q. la | ✧ PE17/65 |
| laɣa > lā | -ɣ- > -ø- | √LAƷA > Q. lá | ✧ PE17/90 |
| -leɣ > -le | -ɣ- > -ø- | √LEŊ > Q. -le | ✧ PE17/74 |
| lēɣ > lē | -ɣ- > -ø- | √LEŊ > Q. lé | ✧ PE17/74 |
| maɣa > mā | -ɣ- > -ø- | ✶maʒa > ✶mā | ✧ VT47/6 |
| maɣa > mā | -ɣ- > -ø- | √MAƷ > Q. mā | ✧ PE17/69 |
| maɣa > mā | -ɣ- > -ø- | √MAƷ > Q. má | ✧ PE19/100 |
| māɣ > mā | -ɣ- > -ø- | ✶māʒ > Q. mã | ✧ PE19/106 |
| māɣa > mā | -ɣ- > -ø- | ✶māʒ(ă) > Q. mā | ✧ VT47/18 |
| maɣa > mā | -ɣ- > -ø- | √MAƷA > Q. má | ✧ VT47/19 |
| peɣe > pē | -ɣ- > -ø- | √peñe > Q. pē | ✧ VT39/11 |
| peɣū > peu | -ɣ- > -ø- | ✶peñū > Q. peu | ✧ VT39/11 |
| rīɣa > rīa | -ɣ- > -ø- | ✶riʒ > Q. ría | ✧ NM/353 |
| peɣ > pē | eɣC > ēC | ✶peñ > Q. pē | ✧ PE19/102 |
| teɣmā > tēmā | eɣC > ēC | ✶teʒmā > Q. tēma | ✧ PE18/104 |
| riɣma > rīma | iɣC > īC | √RIƷ > Q. ríma | ✧ NM/353 |
ᴹ✶medial [ɣ] vanished except before [t]; [-ɣ-|VɣC|ɣt] > [-ø-|V̄øC|xt]
References ✧ PE18/35, 39; PE19/33, 48
Order ()
| After | 01600 | [hs] became [ss] |
Phonetic Rule Elements
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Phonetic Rule Examples
| eɣa > ea | -ɣ- > -ø- | ᴹ√EƷ > ᴹQ. ea | ✧ PE19/48 |
| eɣa > ea | -ɣ- > -ø- | ᴹ✶ē̆ʒā > ᴹQ. ëa | ✧ PE22/122 |
| eɣja > eja | -ɣ- > -ø- | ᴹ✶eʒyā > ᴹQ. ëa | ✧ PE22/122 |
| māɣ > mā | -ɣ- > -ø- | ᴹ✶māʒ > ᴹQ. mā | ✧ Ety/MAƷ |
| maɣite > maite | -ɣ- > -ø- | ᴹ✶maʒiti > ᴹQ. maite | ✧ Ety/MAƷ |
| teɣa > tea | -ɣ- > -ø- | ᴹ√TEÑ > ᴹQ. tea | ✧ Ety/TEÑ |
| daɣrā > dārā | aɣC > āC | ᴹ✶daʒrā > N. daur | ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ |
| waɣrā > wārā | aɣC > āC | ᴹ✶waʒrā > Ilk. gôr | ✧ Ety/WAƷ |
| waɣrā > wārā | aɣC > āC | ᴹ✶waʒrā > ᴹQ. vára | ✧ Ety/WAƷ |
| waɣrā > wārā | aɣC > āC | ᴹ✶waʒrā > ON. wóra | ✧ Ety/WAƷ |
| neɣrē > nēre | eɣC > ēC | ᴹ✶neñrē > N. nîr | ✧ EtyAC/NEI |
| teɣrā > tērā | eɣC > ēC | ᴹ√TEÑ > teñrā > ᴹ✶tēra | ✧ Ety/TEƷ |
| doɣ > dō | oɣC > ōC | ᴹ√DOƷ/DÔ > ᴹQ. ló | ✧ Ety/DOƷ |
| doɣmē > dōmē | oɣC > ōC | ᴹ√DOƷ > ᴹQ. lóme | ✧ Ety/LUM |
| doɣna > dōna | oɣC > ōC | ᴹ√DOƷ/DÔ > ᴹQ. lóna | ✧ Ety/DOƷ |
| kuɣ > kū | uɣC > ūC | ᴹ✶kuu̯ > ᴹQ. kú | ✧ Ety/KUƷ |