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N. hell² n. “frost”

⚠️N. hell², n. “frost”
ᴺS. !nich “frost”

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “frost” derived from the root ᴹ√KHEL “freeze”, but Tolkien deleted this short root and its derivatives, keeping only the longer form ᴹ√KHELEK (Ety/KHEL).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had a number of similar “frost” related words: G. heloth “frost”, G. hîl {“ice-cold, icy” >>} “frost” as well as G. helfileg “frost on panes, etc.” (GL/48-49), all based on the early root ᴱ√HELE “freeze”, the last with the added element G. fileg “fern”.

Neo-Sindarin: Tolkien probably deleted N. hell “frost” because he abandoned the short root ᴹ√KHEL, but short √KHEL did reappear in later writings (PE17/116), so it is tempting to restore hell “frost” as well. However, this conflicts with other attested words like N. hell “naked”, so I think it is better to use a neologism like ᴺS. nich for “frost”; see that entry for discussion.

Reference ✧ Ety/KHEL ✧ hell “frost”

Cognates

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√KHEL > hell [kʰelle] > [xelle] > [xell] > [hell] ✧ Ety/KHEL

G. helfileg n. “frost on panes, etc.” (Category: Ice, Frost)

See N. hell² for discussion.

Reference ✧ GL/48 ✧ “frost on panes, etc.”

Elements

hel- “to freeze” ✧ GL/48
fileg “fern” ✧ GL/48 (#fileg)

G. heloth n. “frost” (Category: Ice, Frost)

See N. hell² for discussion.

References ✧ GL/48-49; LT1A/Helkar

Glosses

Related

Elements

hel- “to freeze” ✧ GL/48; LT1A/Helkar
#-(o)th “abstract noun” ✧ GL/48 (#-oth)

G. hîl n. “frost” (Category: Ice, Frost)

See N. hell² for discussion.

References ✧ GL/49

Glosses

Related

Changes

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ√χele-k > hîl [xēl] > [xīl] > [hīl] ✧ GL/49