Q. [g]

Q. [g]

Reference ✧ PE19/81 ✧ g

Element In

• Q. k-series
• Q. voiced-stops

Phonetic Development

Q. medial [ŋ] after a [n], [ŋ], [l], [r] became [g]

-{nŋlr}g-

<

-{nŋlr}ŋ-

✧ PE19/81 (ñ > g)

ᴹQ. [g]

Reference ✧ PE22/65

Element In

• ᴹQ. k-series ✧ PE22/65
• ᴹQ. voiced-stops ✧ PE22/65

ᴱQ. [g]

References ✧ PE12/16, 18, 23-24; PE14/41, 60

Variations

• rgu ✧ PE12/18
• lgu ✧ PE12/18
• g ✧ PE14/41; PE14/41
• ng ✧ PE14/60

Element In

• ᴱQ. k-series
• ᴱQ. voiced-stops ✧ PE14/41

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ✶liquids + x͡w + ū̯̆ > rgu	[rxʷu] > [rxu] > [rɣu] > [rgu]	✧ PE12/18
ᴱ✶liquids + x͡w + ū̯̆ > lgu	[lxʷu] > [lxu] > [lɣu] > [lgu]	✧ PE12/18

Phonetic Development

ᴱQ. [no change]	g	<	g	✧ PE12/16 (g > g); PE12/16 (ȵg > ng)
ᴱQ. intervocalic [ŋ], [ŋʷ] became [ŋg], [ŋgʷ]	VŋgV	<	VŋV	✧ PE12/16 (ȵ > ng; medial)
ᴱQ. initial nasalized stops became nasals	ŋ-	<	ŋg-	✧ PE12/16 (ȵg > g)
ᴱQ. medial nasal plus [w] became [ŋgw]	ŋgw	<	ŋw	✧ PE12/23 (ñ, n, m, ŋ + ẇ > ngw)
ᴱQ. voiced spirants becames stops after liquids, nasals and [z]	lg	<	lɣ	✧ PE12/24 (lɣ > lg)
ᴱQ. voiced spirants becames stops after liquids, nasals and [z]	rg	<	rɣ	✧ PE12/24 (rɣ > rg)
ᴱQ. voiced spirants becames stops after liquids, nasals and [z]	ŋg	<	ŋɣ	✧ PE12/24 (ŋɣ > ng)
ᴱQ. voiced spirants becames stops after liquids, nasals and [z]	zg	<	zɣ	✧ PE12/24 (zɣ > rg)