AQ. [t]

AQ. [t]

References ✧ PE18/91; PE19/75, 83-87, 89, 92-93, 96

Element In

Phonetic Development

aspirate became voiceless stop before [s] ts < tʰs ✧ PE19/83 (th-s > ts)
aspirates became voiceless stops after [s], [h] st < stʰ ✧ PE19/84 (s-th > st)
Q. spirants became stops after [r], [l] rt < ✧ PE19/89 (*[rθ] > rt)
Q. spirants became stops after [r], [l] lt < ✧ PE19/89 (*[lθ] > lt)
AQ. combinations of voiced stops were unvoiced tt < dd ✧ PE18/91 (dd > tt; from dynamic lengthening); PE19/83 (dd > tt)
AQ. [n], [m] became [t], [w] after voiceless stops and aspirates pt < pn ✧ PE19/85 (pn > pʰň > pʰt)
AQ. [n], [m] became [t], [w] after voiceless stops and aspirates tt < tn ✧ PE19/85 (tn > tʰň > tt)
AQ. [n], [m] became [t], [w] after voiceless stops and aspirates kt < kn ✧ PE19/85 (kn > kʰň > kʰt)
AQ. nasals became voiceless stops before aspirates ttʰ < ntʰ ✧ PE19/89 (nth > *tth > tt)
AQ. aspirates became voiceless stops after voiceless stops pt < ptʰ ✧ PE19/84 (p-th > pth)
AQ. aspirates became voiceless stops after voiceless stops kt < ktʰ ✧ PE19/84 (kth > kth)
AQ. aspirates became voiceless stops after voiceless stops tt < ttʰ ✧ PE19/87 (#tth > tt)
AQ. velars were dentalized before [j] tj < kj ✧ PE19/75 (ky > ty); PE19/83 (k > t; before y); PE19/86 (ky > ty); PE19/92 (ky > ty); PE19/93 (ky > ty)
AQ. velars were dentalized before [j] ntj < ŋkj ✧ PE19/96 (ñky > nty)
Van. approximants produced various spirants tj > ✧ PE19/92 (ty > [tš])

ᴹAQ. [t]

References ✧ PE19/37, 40, 50-52

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴹ✶aspirates became voiceless stops after [s], [h] st < stʰ ✧ PE19/51 (sthy > sty)
ᴹAQ. [n], [m] became [t], [w] after aspirates kt < kʰn ✧ PE19/52 (khn > k + t)
ᴹAQ. aspirates became voiceless stops after voiceless stops pt < ptʰ ✧ PE19/40 (pth > ptʰ); PE19/50 (p-th > pt); PE19/52 (p + th > pt)
ᴹAQ. aspirates became voiceless stops after voiceless stops kt < ktʰ ✧ PE19/52 (k + th > k + t)
ᴹAQ. velars were dentalized before [j] tj < kj ✧ PE19/51 (sky > sty)
ᴹAQ. velars were dentalized before [j] tʰj < kʰj ✧ PE19/51 (skhy > sty)
ᴹAQ. initial nasals plus stops reduced to nasals t- < nt- ✧ PE19/37 (nt > t; initial)
ᴹQ. [pt], [kt] became [ps], [xt] pt > ps ✧ PE19/50 (pt > ps)
ᴹQ. [pt], [kt] became [ps], [xt] kt > xt ✧ PE19/52 (k + t > ht)
ᴹQ. [pt], [kt] became [ps], [xt] pt > xt ✧ PE19/52 (pt > ht)