Q. [d]

Q. [d]

Element In

• Q. t-series
• Q. voiced-stops

ᴹQ. [d]

References ✧ PE19/51; PE22/65

Element In

• ᴹQ. t-series ✧ PE22/65
• ᴹQ. voiced-stops ✧ PE22/65

Phonetic Development

ᴹQ. [no change]

d

<

d

✧ PE19/51 (rdy > rdy)

ᴱQ. [d]

References ✧ PE12/16, 19, 24; PE14/41, 60

Variations

• d ✧ PE14/41; PE14/41
• nd ✧ PE14/60
• rd ✧ PE14/60
• ld ✧ PE14/60

Element In

• ᴱQ. t-series
• ᴱQ. voiced-stops ✧ PE14/41

Phonetic Development

ᴱQ. [no change]	d	<	d	✧ PE12/16 (d > d); PE12/16 (nd > nd)
ᴱQ. voiced spirants becames stops after liquids, nasals and [z]	ld	<	lð	✧ PE12/19 (lđ > ld); PE12/24 (lđ > ld)
ᴱQ. voiced spirants becames stops after liquids, nasals and [z]	rd	<	rð	✧ PE12/19 (rđ > rd); PE12/24 (rđ > rd)
ᴱQ. initial [ð] became [d]	d-	<	ð-	✧ PE12/24 (đ > initially d)
ᴱQ. voiced spirants becames stops after liquids, nasals and [z]	nd	<	nð	✧ PE12/24 (nđ > nd)
ᴱQ. voiced spirants becames stops after liquids, nasals and [z]	zd	<	zð	✧ PE12/24 (zđ > rd)