Ad. [ɣ] assimilated to preceding voiced consonants; [{bdglrzmŋ}₁ɣ] > [C₁C₁]

Ad. [ɣ] assimilated to preceding voiced consonants; [{bdglrzmŋ}₁ɣ] > [C₁C₁]

The first of two rules in which the sound of ✶[ɣ] changed after another consonant. Tolkien stated that “after voiced sounds it [ɣ] was assimilated to these” (SD/421). He gives four examples of this rule in Lowdham’s Report: M3 [mɣ] to MM, 93 [ŋɣ] to 99 [ŋŋ], B3 [bɣ] to BB and D3 [dɣ] to DD (SD/421-2).

The complete list of primitive voiced consonants is [b], [d], [g], [w], [l], [r], [z], [j], [m], [n], [ŋ] (excluding palatals and [ʔ], which changed or disappeared early). Of these, this rule definitely did not apply to [n], because [n] assimilated in position to following consonants, so that ✶[nɣ] would have already become [ŋɣ]. This rule may or may not have applied to [w] and [j], depending on when w/y-vocalization (where [w] and [j] became [u] and [i] before consonants and finally) occurred. If w/y-vocalization happened first, then this ɣ-assimilation rule applies only to [b], [d], [g], [l], [r], [z], [m], [ŋ].

References ✧ SD/421-422

Related

Phonetic Rule Elements

[bɣ] > [bb] ✧ SD/422 (B3 > BB)
[dɣ] > [dd] ✧ SD/422 (D3 > DD)
[gɣ] > [gg] ✧ SD/422 ([gɣ] > [gg])
[lɣ] > [ll] ✧ SD/422 ([lɣ] > [ll])
[rɣ] > [rr] ✧ SD/422 ([rɣ] > [rr])
[zɣ] > [zz] ✧ SD/422 ([zɣ] > [zz])
[mɣ] > [mm] ✧ SD/421 (M3 > MM); SD/422 ([mɣ] > [mm])
[ŋɣ] > [ŋŋ] ✧ SD/421 (N3,93 > 99); SD/422 (N3,93 > 99)