ᴱ✶[xʷ] ‹xw, ƕ›

⚠️ᴱ✶[xʷ] ‹xw, ƕ›

References ✧ PE12/15, 17-18, 20-21

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development

{lr}xʷ > {lr}w ✧ PE12/17 (liquids + x͡w > lw or rw)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirant combinations assimilated except to [θ] xʷɸ > ɸɸ ✧ PE12/21 (x͡w + ꝑ > ꝑꝑ)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants became stops after nasals ŋxʷ > ŋkʷ ✧ PE12/17 (nasals + x͡w > nq)
ᴱQ. [xʷ] became [kʷ] after voiceless stops {tʲptk}xʷ > {tʲptk}kʷ ✧ PE12/17 (voiceless stops + x͡w > q)
ᴱQ. final voiceless spirants were weakened and voiced -xw > -w ✧ PE12/20 (ƕ > w̑)
ᴱQ. [sxʷ] became [sw] sxʷ > sw ✧ PE12/20 (sx͡w > sw)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirant combinations assimilated except to [θ] xʷx > xx ✧ PE12/20 (x͡w + x > xx)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirant combinations assimilated except to [θ] xʷxʷ > xʷxʷ ✧ PE12/20 (x͡w + x͡w > xx͡w)
ᴱQ. [xʷu] became [xu] xʷu > xu ✧ PE12/17 (x͡w > h; before u); PE12/17 (x͡w > h; between vowels)
ᴱQ. initial and intervocalic [xʷ] became [f] xʷ- > f- ✧ PE12/17 (x͡w > f)
ᴱQ. initial and intervocalic [xʷ] became [f] VxʷV > VfV ✧ PE12/17 (x͡w > f; between vowels)
ᴱQ. intervocalic voiceless spirants became voiced VxʷV > VɣʷV ✧ PE12/16 (x͡w > ẇ; medial)
ᴱT. labialized velars became labials xʷ- > f- ✧ PE12/16 (x͡w > f)
ᴱT. intervocalic [gʷ], [xʷ], [ɣʷ] became [v] VxʷV > VvV ✧ PE12/16 (x͡w > v; medial)
G. [xʷ] became [f] xʷ > f ✧ PE12/17 (x͡w > f)