ᴹQ. [sp], [sk] became [ps], [ks]; [sp|sk|skw] > [ps|ks|skw]

ᴹQ. [sp], [sk] became [ps], [ks]; [sp|sk|skw] > [ps|ks|skw]

References ✧ PE19/36, 48-49; PE22/17

Order (03500)

After 01500 ᴹAQ. [z] plus voiced stop became unvoiced
After 02100 ᴹAQ. syllabic initial [s] became [is]
After 02000 long final vowels were shortened
Before 04000 initial [ps], [ks] became [s]

Phonetic Rule Elements

[sp] > [ps] ✧ PE19/37 (sp > ps); PE19/38 (sp > ps; initial); PE19/50 (sp > ps)
[sk] > [ks] ✧ PE19/37 (sk > ks); PE19/38 (sk > ks; initial); PE19/50 (sk > ks)

Phonetic Rule Examples

maska > maksa sk > ks ᴹ✶mazgā > ᴹQ. maksa ✧ Ety/MASAG
maska > maksa sk > ks ᴹ✶mazgā > ᴹQ. maksa ✧ EtyAC/MASAG
maska > maksa sk > ks ᴹ✶mazgā > ᴹQ. maksa ✧ EtyAC/MASAG
maske > makse sk > ks ᴹ✶mazgē > ᴹQ. makse ✧ Ety/MASAG
maske > makse sk > ks ᴹ√MÁSAG > ᴹQ. makse ✧ EtyAC/MASAG
masko > makso sk > ks ᴹ✶mazgō > ᴹQ. makso ✧ PE19/48
miska > miksa sk > ks ᴹ√MISK > ᴹQ. miksa ✧ Ety/MISK
puspo > pupso sp > ps ᴹ✶buzbō > ᴹQ. pupso ✧ PE19/48

ᴱQ. [sp] became [ps], [sk] sometimes [ks]; [sp|sk] > [ps|ks]

Reference ✧ PE12/19

Phonetic Rule Elements

[sp] > [ps]
[sk] > [ks]

Phonetic Rule Examples

aska > aksa sk > ks ᴱ√ASAKA > ᴱQ. aksa ✧ QL/29
mbaska > mbaksa sk > ks ᴱ√M(B)ASA > ᴱQ. maksa- ✧ QL/59
oskā > oksā sk > ks ᴱ√OSO¹ > ᴱQ. oksa ✧ QL/71