OS. [d]

OS. [d]

References ✧ PE19/91, 101; VT42/26

Element In

Phonetic Development

OS. voiceless stops were voiced before nasals dn < tn ✧ VT42/26 (tn > dn)
OS. voiceless stops were voiced before nasals dm < tm ✧ VT42/26 (tm > dm)
OS. [z] vanished before [d] lengthening preceding vowel V̄d < Vzd ✧ PE19/91 (zd > d; with lengthening of preceding vowel); PE19/101 (zd > ´d)
OS. [bm], [dn] became [mm], [nn] dn > nn ✧ VT42/26 (dn > nn)
S. voiced stops became spirants after vowels Vd > Vð ✧ PE19/101 (´d > đ); VT42/26 (dm > ðm)

ON. [d]

References ✧ PE19/18, 21, 23

Element In

Phonetic Development

ON. [no change] d < d ✧ PE19/18 (d- > d-); PE19/21 (dr- > dr-); PE19/21 (dl- > dl-); PE19/23 (-d- > -d-)
N. voiced stops became spirants after vowels Vd > Vð ✧ PE19/23 (-d- > -ð-)