✶Ad. [kʰ] ‹kh›

✶Ad. [kʰ] ‹kh›
Pronounced as English “k” but always aspirated (with a puff of air) as in English “kin” (SD/416, 419). Tolkien represented this sound with the digraph “kh” as he generally did with aspirates. In Classical Adûnaic it became the velar spirant [x] which (somewhat confusingly) Tolkien also represented by “kh” (SD/418-9).

References ✧ SD/416, 419, 421

Element In

Phonetic Development

✶Ad. stops became aspirates after aspirates {ptk}ʰkʰ < {ptk}ʰg ✧ SD/421 ([{ptk}ʰg] > [{ptk}ʰkʰ])
✶Ad. stops became aspirates after aspirates {ptk}ʰkʰ < {ptk}ʰk ✧ SD/421 ([{ptk}ʰk] > [{ptk}ʰkʰ])
Ad. aspirates became voiceless spirants > x ✧ SD/418 (Kh > Kh); SD/419 (Kh > X)