ᴹQ. [v]

ᴹQ. [v]

References ✧ PE19/38, 50; PE22/65

Variations

• v ✧ PE22/65

Element In

• ᴹQ. p-series ✧ PE22/65
• ᴹQ. voiced-spirants ✧ PE22/65

Phonetic Development

ᴹAQ. voiced stops became spirants except after nasals and liquids

β

<

b

✧ PE19/38 (b > v); PE19/50 (b > v)

ᴱQ. [v]

References ✧ PE12/16-17, 20, 24; PE14/41, 60

Variations

• v ✧ PE14/41; PE14/60

Element In

• ᴱQ. p-series
• ᴱQ. voiced-spirants ✧ PE14/41

Phonetic Development

ᴱQ. [β] became [v]	v	<	β	✧ PE12/16 (ƀ > v (w); medial); PE12/24 (ƀ > v)
ᴱQ. [f] became [v] except before stressed vowel	VvV|VfV́	<	VfV|VfV́	✧ PE12/20 (f > v); PE12/20 (f > v)
ᴱQ. voiceless and voiced [w] became [f], [v] in Inwelin	v	<	w	✧ PE14/60 (w > v)
ᴱQ. intervocalic voiceless spirants became voiced	VvV	<	VfV	✧ PE12/16 (f > v (w); medial); PE12/17 (f > v); PE12/20 (ꝑ or f > f > v; between vowels)