S. [d]

S. [d]

Element In

• S. t-series
• S. voiced-stops

N. [d]

References ✧ PE19/18, 20-21, 23

Inflections

dh, ð	soft-mutation; d-mutation	✧ PE19/18
nd	soft-mutation; nd-mutation	✧ PE19/20
ðr (r)	soft-mutation; d-mutation	✧ PE19/21

Element In

• N. t-series
• N. voiced-stops

Phonetic Development

N. [no change]	d	<	d	✧ PE19/18 (d- > d-); PE19/21 (dr- > dr-); PE19/21 (dl- > dl-)
N. initial nasals vanished before stops	d-	<	nd-	✧ PE19/20 (nd- > d-)
N. voiceless stops voiced after vowels	Vd	<	Vt	✧ PE19/23 (-t- > -d-)
N. [tl], [dl] became [kl], [gl]	dl	>	gl	✧ PE19/21 (dl- > gl-; dial)

ᴱN. [d]

References ✧ PE13/120

Variations

• d ✧ PE13/120

Inflections

n	nasal-mutation; d-mutation	✧ PE13/120
n	nasal-mutation; nd-mutation	✧ PE13/120
dh (ð)	soft-mutation; d-mutation	✧ PE13/120
n	soft-mutation; nd-mutation	✧ PE13/120
d	stop-mutation; d-mutation	✧ PE13/120
d	stop-mutation; nd-mutation	✧ PE13/120

G. [d]

References ✧ GG/7; PE15/12

Variations

• d ✧ GG/7; PE15/12
• dr ✧ GG/7

Inflections

·dh	soft-mutation; d-mutation	✧ GG/7
·dhr	soft-mutation; d-mutation	✧ GG/7

Element In

• G. t-series
• G. voiced-stops