S. [d]

S. [d]

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N. [d]

References ✧ PE19/18, 20-21, 23

Inflections

dh, ð soft-mutation; d-mutation ✧ PE19/18
nd soft-mutation; nd-mutation ✧ PE19/20
ðr (r) soft-mutation; d-mutation ✧ PE19/21

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Phonetic Development

N. [no change] d < d ✧ PE19/18 (d- > d-); PE19/21 (dr- > dr-); PE19/21 (dl- > dl-)
N. initial nasals vanished before stops d- < nd- ✧ PE19/20 (nd- > d-)
N. voiceless stops voiced after vowels Vd < Vt ✧ PE19/23 (-t- > -d-)
N. [tl], [dl] became [kl], [gl] dl > gl ✧ PE19/21 (dl- > gl-; dial)

ᴱN. [d]

References ✧ PE13/120

Variations

Inflections

n nasal-mutation; d-mutation ✧ PE13/120
n nasal-mutation; nd-mutation ✧ PE13/120
dh (ð) soft-mutation; d-mutation ✧ PE13/120
n soft-mutation; nd-mutation ✧ PE13/120
d stop-mutation; d-mutation ✧ PE13/120
d stop-mutation; nd-mutation ✧ PE13/120

G. [d]

References ✧ GG/7; PE15/12

Variations

Inflections

·dh soft-mutation; d-mutation ✧ GG/7
·dhr soft-mutation; d-mutation ✧ GG/7

Element In