N. initial [x-] became [h-]; [x-|x{lr}-] > [h-|{l̥r̥}-]
Reference ✧ PE22/25
Order (04400)
After | 00400 | initial [s] vanished before spirants | ON. skhalla > N. hall | Ety/SKAL¹ |
After | 00500 | voiceless [j̊], [w̥] became [x], [xw] | ON. hyūle > N. hûl | Ety/SIW |
Before | 05600 | [mb], [nd] became [mm], [nn] | ᴹ√KHAN > hand > N. hann | Ety/KHAN |
Phonetic Rule Elements
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> |
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✧ PE19/21 (χ- > h-) |
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> |
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✧ PE19/21 (khl- > lh-) |
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> |
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Phonetic Rule Examples
xab- > hab- | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHAP > N. hab- | ✧ Ety/KHAP |
xabad > habad | x- > h- | ON. skhapa > N. habad | ✧ Ety/SKYAP |
xad- > had- | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHAT > N. had- | ✧ Ety/KHAT |
xadlaθθ > hadlaθθ | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHAT > hadlath > N. haglath | ✧ Ety/KHAT |
xadlaθθ > hadlaθθ | x- > h- | ᴹ√LATH/LAT > hadlath > N. haglath | ✧ Ety/LATH |
xadr > hadr | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHAT > N. hador | ✧ Ety/KHAT |
xað- > hað- | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHAD > N. hað- | ✧ EtyAC/KHAM |
xāð > hāð | x- > h- | ᴹ✶syadā > N. †hâð | ✧ Ety/SYAD |
xaem > haem | x- > h- | ᴹ✶khaimē > N. haew | ✧ Ety/KHIM |
xal- > hal- | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHAL² > N. heli | ✧ EtyAC/KHAL² |
xāl > hāl | x- > h- | ᴹ✶khala > N. hâl | ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹ |
xalaθθ > halaθθ | x- > h- | ᴹ√SKAL > N. ?halath | ✧ EtyAC/SKEL |
xeleθθ > halaθθ | x- > h- | ᴹ√SKAL > N. heleth | ✧ EtyAC/SKEL |
xall > hall | x- > h- | ON. skhalla > N. hall | ✧ Ety/SKAL¹ |
xall > hall | x- > h- | ON. khalla > N. hall | ✧ Ety/KHAL² |
xall > hall | x- > h- | ON. skhalla > N. hall | ✧ EtyAC/SKEL |
xalm > halm | x- > h- | ᴹ✶syalmā > N. half | ✧ Ety/SYAL |
xalθa- > halθa- | x- > h- | ON. skhalia- > N. haltha- | ✧ Ety/SKAL¹ |
xalθa- > halθa- | x- > h- | ON. skhalta- > N. haltha | ✧ EtyAC/SKEL |
xam- > ham- | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHAM > N. haf- | ✧ EtyAC/KHAM |
xamma- > hamma- | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHAP > N. hamma- | ✧ Ety/KHAP |
xammad > hammad | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHAP > N. hammad | ✧ Ety/KHAP |
xamp > hamp | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHAP > N. hamp | ✧ Ety/KHAP |
xand > hand | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHAD > N. ?hand | ✧ EtyAC/KHAM |
xand > hand | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHAN > hand > N. hann | ✧ Ety/KHAN |
xanw > hanw | x- > h- | ᴹ✶hamwa > N. ham/hanw | ✧ EtyAC/KHAM |
xarad > harad | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHYAR > N. harad | ✧ Ety/KHYAR |
xarð > harð | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHAR > N. harð | ✧ EtyAC/KHAR |
xarmen > harmen | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHYAR > N. harfen | ✧ EtyAC/KHYAR |
xermin > harmen | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHYAR > N. herfin | ✧ EtyAC/KHYAR |
xarn > harn | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHYAR > N. harn | ✧ Ety/KHYAR |
xarn > harn | x- > h- | ᴹ✶skarnā > N. harn | ✧ Ety/SKAR |
xarn > harn | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHAR > N. harn | ✧ EtyAC/KHAR |
xarna- > harna- | x- > h- | ᴹ√SKAR > N. harno | ✧ Ety/SKAR |
xarw > harw | x- > h- | ᴹ✶skarwē > N. harw | ✧ Ety/SKAR |
xast > hast | x- > h- | ᴹ✶syad-ta > N. hast | ✧ Ety/SYAD |
xaθθel > haθθel | x- > h- | ᴹ✶syatsē̆la > N. hathel | ✧ Ety/SYAD |
xauð > hauð | x- > h- | ᴹ✶khagda > N. hauð | ✧ Ety/KHAG |
xaust > haust | x- > h- | ᴹ✶khau̯-stā > N. haust | ✧ Ety/KHAW |
xebeid > hebeid | x- > h- | ON. skhapa > N. hebeid | ✧ Ety/SKYAP |
xeir > heir | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHYAR > N. heir | ✧ Ety/KHYAR |
xelaθθ > helaθθ | x- > h- | ᴹ√SKEL > N. helath | ✧ EtyAC/SKEL |
xele > hele | x- > h- | ON. kheleha > N. hele | ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES) |
xeledir > heledir | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHAL¹ > N. heledir | ✧ Ety/KHAL¹ |
xeledir > heledir | x- > h- | ᴹ√SKAL² > N. heledir | ✧ Ety/SKAL² |
xeledirn > heledirn | x- > h- | ᴹ✶khalatirnō̆ > N. heledirn | ✧ Ety/TIR |
xeleð > heleð | x- > h- | Kh. kheled > S. heleð | ✧ PE17/37 |
xeleg > heleg | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHELEK > N. heleg | ✧ Ety/KHEL |
xeleθθ > heleθθ | x- > h- | ᴹ√SKEL > N. heleth | ✧ Ety/SKEL |
xell > hell | x- > h- | ON. skhella > N. hell | ✧ Ety/SKEL |
xell > hell | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHEL > N. hell | ✧ Ety/KHEL |
xelm > helm | x- > h- | ᴹ✶skelmā > N. helf | ✧ Ety/SKEL |
xelθa- > helθa- | x- > h- | ᴹ✶skelta- > N. heltha | ✧ Ety/SKEL |
xelx > helx | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHELEK > N. helch | ✧ Ety/KHEL |
xēn > hēn | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHEN-D-E > N. hên | ✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E |
xend > hend | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHEN-D-E > N. hent/henn | ✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E |
xenia- > henia- | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHAN > N. henio | ✧ Ety/KHAN |
xerond > herond | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHER > N. heron | ✧ EtyAC/KHER |
xerθ > herθ | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHER > N. herth | ✧ Ety/KHER |
xervenn > hervenn | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHER > N. hervenn | ✧ Ety/KHER |
xervess > hervess | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHER > N. hervess | ✧ Ety/KHER |
xeθw > heθw | x- > h- | ᴹ✶khithwa > N. hethw | ✧ Ety/KHIS |
xīm > hīm | x- > h- | ᴹ✶khīmā > N. hiw | ✧ Ety/KHIM |
ximb > himb | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHIM > N. him | ✧ Ety/KHIM |
xīn > hīn | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHEN-D-E > N. hîn | ✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E |
xind > hind | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHEN-D-E > N. hint/hinn | ✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E |
xīr > hīr | x- > h- | ON. khēro > N. hîr | ✧ Ety/KHER |
xīril > hīril | x- > h- | ON. khíril > N. hiril | ✧ Ety/KHER |
xīθ > hīθ | x- > h- | ᴹ✶khīt(h)i > N. hîth | ✧ Ety/KHIS |
xiθw > hiθw | x- > h- | ᴹ✶khithme > N. hithw | ✧ Ety/KHIS |
xobass > hobass | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHOP > N. hobas | ✧ Ety/KHOP |
xorn > horn | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHOR > N. horn | ✧ Ety/KHOR |
xorθa- > horθa- | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHOR > N. hortha- | ✧ Ety/KHOR |
xost > host | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHOTH > N. host | ✧ Ety/KHOTH |
xoθθ > hoθθ | x- > h- | ᴹ✶khotsē > N. hoth | ✧ Ety/KHOTH |
xū > hū | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHUG > N. hû | ✧ Ety/KHUGAN |
xuan > huan | x- > h- | ᴹ✶khugan > N. Huan | ✧ Ety/KHUGAN |
xūb > hūb | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHOP > N. hûb | ✧ Ety/KHOP |
xūd > hūd | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHOTH > N. hûd | ✧ Ety/KHOTH |
xūl > hūl | x- > h- | ON. hyūle > N. hûl | ✧ Ety/SIW |
xūn > hūn | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHŌ-N > N. hûn | ✧ Ety/KHŌ-N |
xuor > huor | x- > h- | ᴹ✶Khōgore > N. Huor | ✧ Ety/GOR |
xūr > hūr | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHOR > N. hûr | ✧ Ety/KHOR |
xœria- > hœria- | x- > h- | ᴹ√KHOR > hoerio > N. herio | ✧ Ety/KHOR |
xrass > r̥ass | xr- > r̥- | ᴹ✶khrassē > N. rhass | ✧ Ety/KHARÁS |
G. initial [x-] became [h-]; [x-] > [h-]
Order (03200)
After | 03100 | initial [sj] became [x] | ᴱ✶sı̯on > χ̑on > G. ho(n) | GL/49 |
Phonetic Rule Elements
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> |
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Phonetic Rule Examples
xanða- > hanða- | x- > h- | ᴱ√χ̑ṇđ > G. †hanna- | ✧ GL/48 |
xapax > hapax | x- > h- | ᴱ✶χı̯ap > G. habach | ✧ GL/47 |
xapin > hapin | x- > h- | ᴱ✶χı̯ap > G. habin | ✧ GL/47 |
xau- > hau- | x- > h- | ᴱ✶haw- > G. hau | ✧ GL/48 |
xauk > hauk | x- > h- | #ᴱ√haw- > G. haug | ✧ GL/48 |
xaus > haus | x- > h- | #ᴱ√haw- > G. haus | ✧ GL/48 |
xel- > hel- | x- > h- | ᴱ√χele-k > G. hel- | ✧ GL/48 |
xelek > helek | x- > h- | ᴱ√χele-k > G. heleg | ✧ GL/48 |
xeθ > heθ | x- > h- | ᴱ√heth¹ > G. †heth¹ | ✧ GL/48 |
xeθ > heθ | x- > h- | ᴱ√heth² > G. heth² | ✧ GL/49 |
xeθk > heθk | x- > h- | ᴱ√heth² > G. hesc | ✧ GL/49 |
xeθt > heθt | x- > h- | ᴱ√heth¹ > G. hest | ✧ GL/48 |
xeθθedlon > heθθedlon | x- > h- | ᴱ✶heth·thed·’lon > G. hetheglon | ✧ GL/49 |
xīl > hīl | x- > h- | ᴱ√χele-k > G. hîl | ✧ GL/49 |
xilm > hilm | x- > h- | ᴱ√χili > G. hilm | ✧ GL/49 |
xilθa > hilθa | x- > h- | ᴱ✶χilþē > G. hiltha | ✧ GL/49 |
xōi > hoi | x- > h- | ᴱ✶hôwi > G. hui | ✧ GL/48 |
xon > hon | x- > h- | ᴱ✶sı̯on > χ̑on > G. ho(n) | ✧ GL/49 |
xōr > hōr | x- > h- | ᴱ✶χou̯-ră > G. hôr | ✧ GL/49 |