AQ. [p]

AQ. [p]

References ✧ PE19/83-85, 87, 89, 91

Element In

Phonetic Development

✶aspirate became voiceless stop before [s] ps < pʰs ✧ PE19/83 (ph-s > ps)
Q. spirants became stops after [r], [l] rp < rɸ ✧ PE19/89 (*[rɸ] > rp)
Q. spirants became stops after [r], [l] lp < lɸ ✧ PE19/89 (*[lɸ] > lp)
AQ. combinations of voiced stops were unvoiced pp < bb ✧ PE19/83 (bb > pp)
AQ. combinations of voiced stops were unvoiced pt < bd ✧ PE19/91 (bd > pt)
AQ. nasals became voiceless stops before aspirates ppʰ < mpʰ ✧ PE19/89 (mph > m̌ph > pph > pp)
AQ. aspirates became voiceless stops after voiceless stops pp < ppʰ ✧ PE19/84 (pph > pp); PE19/87 (pph > pp)
AQ. aspirates became voiceless stops after voiceless stops pt < ptʰ ✧ PE19/84 (ph-t > pth)
Q. [pt], [kt] became [ɸt], [xt] pt > ɸt ✧ PE19/84 (pth > ꝑt); PE19/84 (pt > ꝑt); PE19/85 (pʰt > ꝑt); PE19/87 (pth > ꝑtʰ > ꝑt)

ᴹAQ. [p]

References ✧ PE19/37, 40, 50

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴹAQ. combinations of voiced stops were unvoiced pt < bd ✧ PE19/50 (bd > pt)
ᴹAQ. aspirates became voiceless stops after voiceless stops pp < ppʰ ✧ PE19/40 (pph > ppʰ)
ᴹAQ. initial nasals plus stops reduced to nasals p- < mp- ✧ PE19/37 (mp > p; initial)