ᴹQ. final consonant clusters reduced; [-CC] > [-C]
Order (02500)
| After | 02300 | short final [a], [e], [o] lost in long compounds | ||
| Before | 03700 | [z] became [r] |
Phonetic Rule Elements
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Phonetic Rule Examples
| halatirn > halatir | -CC > -C | ᴹ✶khalatirnō̆ > ᴹQ. halatir | ✧ Ety/TIR |
| hend > hen | -CC > -C | ᴹ√KHEN-D-E > ᴹQ. hen | ✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E |
| ilind > ilin | -CC > -C | ᴹ√GLINDI > ᴹQ. ilin | ✧ Ety/GLINDI |
| kard > kar | -CC > -C | ᴹ√KAR > ᴹQ. kar | ✧ Ety/KAR |
| kard > kar | -CC > -C | ᴹ√KAR > ᴹQ. kar | ✧ Ety/KAR |
| kast > kas | -CC > -C | ᴹ✶kast > ᴹQ. kas | ✧ PE21/22 |
| kwelett > kwelet | -CC > -C | ᴹ✶kwelett- > ᴹQ. qelet | ✧ Ety/KWEL |
| liss > lis | -CC > -C | ᴹ√LIS > ᴹQ. lis | ✧ Ety/LIS |
| mard > mar | -CC > -C | ᴹ√MBAR > ᴹQ. mar(d)- | ✧ EtyAC/MBAR |
| mard > mar | -CC > -C | ᴹ√[?mbar] > ᴹQ. mar(d-) | ✧ EtyAC/SIL |
| mirill > miril | -CC > -C | ᴹ√MBIRÍL > ᴹQ. miril | ✧ Ety/MBIRIL |
| morikwend > morikwen | -CC > -C | ᴹ✶móri-kwènedḗ > móri-kwènǝdĕ > móri-kwèndĕ > móri-kwèn(d) > ᴹQ. Moriquen | ✧ PE19/59 |
| morikwend > morikwen | -CC > -C | ᴹ✶mŏrĭkwĕndĕ > ᴹQ. moriqen | ✧ PE21/69 |
| niss > nis | -CC > -C | ᴹ√NIS/NĪ > ᴹQ. nis | ✧ Ety/NDIS |
| niss > nis | -CC > -C | ᴹ√NIS > ᴹQ. nis | ✧ Ety/NĪ¹ |
| niss > nis | -CC > -C | ᴹ√NIS > ᴹQ. nis | ✧ Ety/NIS |
| oront > oron | -CC > -C | ᴹ√ÓROT > ᴹQ. oron | ✧ Ety/ÓROT |
| sard > sar | -CC > -C | ᴹ√SAR > ᴹQ. sar | ✧ Ety/SAR |
| silmarill > silmaril | -CC > -C | ᴹ✶silima-rille > ᴹQ. Silmarille | ✧ Ety/RIL |
| tindōmizeld > tindōmizel | -CC > -C | ᴹ✶tindōmiselde > ᴹQ. Tindómerel | ✧ Ety/SEL-D |
| tindōmizeld > tindōmizel | -CC > -C | ᴹ✶Tindōmiselde > ᴹQ. Tindómerel | ✧ Ety/TIN |
| tindōmizeld > tindōmizel | -CC > -C | ᴹ✶Tindōmi-seldĕ > Tindómisel > ᴹQ. Tindómirel | ✧ PE19/33 |
| tjalaŋgand > tjalaŋgan | -CC > -C | ᴹ✶tyalañgandō̆ > ᴹQ. tyalangan | ✧ Ety/TYAL |
| tjeld > tjel | -CC > -C | ᴹ√KYEL > ᴹQ. tyel | ✧ Ety/KYEL |
| toll > tol | -CC > -C | ᴹ✶tollo > ᴹQ. tol | ✧ Ety/TOL² |
| umbart > umbar | -CC > -C | ᴹ√MBARAT > ᴹQ. umbar | ✧ Ety/MBARAT |
| umbart > umbar | -CC > -C | ᴹ✶ṃbárt- > ᴹQ. umbar | ✧ EtyAC/A |
| w̥and > w̥an | -CC > -C | ᴹ✶swanda > ᴹQ. hwan | ✧ Ety/SWAD |
| ɸiond > ɸion | -CC > -C | ᴹ√PHI > ᴹQ. fion | ✧ Ety/PHI |
| peltaks > peltas | -ks > -s | ᴹ✶peltakse > ᴹQ. peltas | ✧ Ety/PEL |
| peltaks > peltas | -ks > -s | ᴹ✶péle-tàksē > péle-tàksĕ > ᴹQ. péle-taks(ǝ) | ✧ PE19/57 |
| jaxt > jat | -xt > -t | ᴹ✶yakta- > ᴹQ. yat | ✧ Ety/YAK |
ᴱQ. final consonant clusters simplified; [-CC] > [-C]
References ✧ PE12/4; PE14/68-70
Variations
Phonetic Rule Elements
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Phonetic Rule Examples
| kekekt > keket | -kt > -t | ᴱ√KEKE > ᴱQ. keket | ✧ QL/46 |
| kektekekt > kekteket | -kt > -t | ᴱ√KEKE > ᴱQ. kekteket | ✧ QL/46 |
| kʷelekt > kʷelet | -kt > -t | ᴱ√QELE > ᴱQ. qelet | ✧ QL/76 |
| mekt > met | -kt > -t | ᴱ√MEKE > ᴱQ. met | ✧ QL/60 |
| mukt > mut | -kt > -t | ᴱ√MUKU > ᴱQ. mut | ✧ QL/63 |
| sarakt > sarat | -kt > -t | ᴱ√SARA > ᴱQ. sarat | ✧ QL/82 |
| terekt > teret | -kt > -t | ᴱ√TEŘE > ᴱQ. teret | ✧ QL/91 |
| tekt > tet | -kt > -t | ᴱ√TEKE > ᴱQ. tet | ✧ QL/90 |
| vakt > vat | -kt > -t | ᴱ√VAKA > ᴱQ. vakt- | ✧ QL/99 |
| welekt > welet | -kt > -t | ᴱ√GWELE > ᴱQ. ’welet | ✧ QL/103 |
| kalumekt > kalumett | -kt > -tt | ᴱ✶k’lamektā > ᴱQ. kalumet | ✧ PE13/162 |
| kakḷ > katḷ | -kḷ > -tḷ | ᴱ√KAKA > ᴱQ. katl | ✧ QL/44 |
| lukḷ > lutḷ | -kḷ > -tḷ | ᴱ√LUKU > ᴱQ. lutl | ✧ QL/56 |
| mekḷ > metḷ | -kḷ > -tḷ | ᴱ√MEKE > ᴱQ. metl | ✧ QL/60 |
| sakḷ > satḷ | -kḷ > -tḷ | ᴱ√SAKA > ᴱQ. satl | ✧ QL/81 |
| sukḷ > sutḷ | -kḷ > -tḷ | ᴱ√SUKU > ᴱQ. sutl | ✧ QL/87 |
| dʲeld > dʲel | -ld > -l | ᴱ√DẎELE > ᴱQ. ’yel | ✧ QL/106 |
| muld > mul | -ld > -l | ᴱ√MULU > ᴱQ. mul | ✧ QL/63 |
| nald > nal | -ld > -l | ᴱ√nḷřḷ > ᴱQ. nal | ✧ QL/66 |
| teld > tel | -ld > -l | ᴱ√TELE > ᴱQ. tel | ✧ QL/90 |
| vald > val | -ld > -l | ᴱ√VALA > ᴱQ. vald- | ✧ QL/99 |
| vild > vil | -ld > -l | ᴱ√VḶŘḶ > ᴱQ. vil(d) | ✧ QL/102 |
| sill > sil | -ll > -l | ᴱ√SILI > ᴱQ. Sil | ✧ QL/83 |
| toll > tol | -ll > -l | ᴱ√TOLO > ᴱQ. Tol | ✧ QL/94 |
| tiln > til | -ln > -l | ᴱ√TILI² > tilnǝ > ᴱQ. til² | ✧ QL/92 |
| sulp > sult | -lp > -lt | ᴱ√SḶPḶ > ᴱQ. sult | ✧ QL/84 |
| tulp > tult | -lp > -lt | ᴱ√TḶPḶ > ᴱQ. tult | ✧ QL/93 |
| hamp > hant | -mp > -nt | ᴱ√HAM > ᴱQ. hant | ✧ QL/39 |
| pimp > pint | -mp > -nt | ᴱ√PIPI > ᴱQ. pint | ✧ QL/74 |
| ulump > ulunt | -mp > -nt | ᴱ√ULUN(T) > mp- > ᴱQ. ulun | ✧ QL/97 |
| tompḷ > tontḷ | -mpḷ > -ntḷ | ᴱ√TOMPO > ᴱQ. tontl | ✧ QL/94 |
| amund > amun | -nd > -n | ᴱ√AM(U) > ᴱQ. †amun | ✧ QL/30 |
| and > an | -nd > -n | ᴱ√ANA > ᴱQ. an | ✧ QL/31 |
| andond > andon | -nd > -n | ᴱ✶andond- > ᴱQ. andon | ✧ PE13/137 |
| areand > arean | -nd > -n | ᴱ√ARA > ᴱQ. arean | ✧ QL/32 |
| fand > fan | -nd > -n | ᴱ✶swandǝ > ᴱQ. fan | ✧ PE12/26 |
| fiond > fion | -nd > -n | ᴱ✶þẉ-iı̯on-d > ᴱQ. fion | ✧ QL/87 |
| gʷend > gʷen | -nd > -n | ᴱ✶Gwendi- > ᴱQ. Qen | ✧ PE13/146 |
| hend > hen | -nd > -n | ᴱ✶þχe-ndǝ > ᴱQ. hen | ✧ PE12/21 |
| hend > hen | -nd > -n | ᴱ✶ske-ndá > ᴱQ. hen | ✧ PE13/147 |
| hond > hon | -nd > -n | ᴱ√HONO > ᴱQ. hon | ✧ QL/40 |
| ɣond > ɣon | -nd > -n | ᴱ√ONO¹ > ᴱQ. on(d) | ✧ QL/70 |
| kasiend > kasien | -nd > -n | ᴱ√KASA > ᴱQ. kasien | ✧ QL/45 |
| kʷand > kʷan | -nd > -n | ᴱ√Ŋ̣QŊ̣ > ᴱQ. Qan | ✧ QL/76 |
| lind > lin | -nd > -n | ᴱ√LIŘI > ᴱQ. lin | ✧ PME/54 |
| lind > lin | -nd > -n | ᴱ√LIŘI > ᴱQ. lin¹ | ✧ QL/54 |
| lond > lon | -nd > -n | ᴱ√LOŘO > ᴱQ. lon | ✧ QL/56 |
| mind > min | -nd > -n | ᴱ√MINI > ᴱQ. min | ✧ QL/61 |
| nand > nan | -nd > -n | ᴱ√NAŘA > ᴱQ. nan | ✧ QL/64 |
| nend > nen | -nd > -n | ᴱ√NEŘE > ᴱQ. nen | ✧ QL/66 |
| nendo > neno | -nd > -n | ᴱ√NEŘE > ᴱQ. nendo | ✧ QL/66 |
| nind > nin | -nd > -n | ‽ᴱ√NINI > ᴱQ. nin | ✧ QL/66 |
| nindond > nindon | -nd > -n | ‽ᴱ√NINI > ᴱQ. nindon | ✧ QL/66 |
| paxīand > paxīan | -nd > -n | ᴱ✶pah͡y-īand > păχī́ănd > pắ(h)īăn(d) > ᴱQ. paiyan | ✧ PE12/8 |
| perend > peren | -nd > -n | ᴱ√PERE > ᴱQ. peren | ✧ QL/73 |
| pilind > pilin | -nd > -n | ᴱ✶p(i)lind- > ᴱQ. pilin | ✧ PE13/163 |
| pirind > pirin | -nd > -n | ᴱ√PIRI > ᴱQ. pirin | ✧ QL/74 |
| purind > purin | -nd > -n | ᴱ√PUŘU > ᴱQ. purin | ✧ QL/76 |
| rind > rin | -nd > -n | ᴱ√RINI > ᴱQ. rin | ✧ QL/80 |
| serind > serin | -nd > -n | ᴱ√SERE > ᴱQ. serin | ✧ QL/83 |
| silwind > silwin | -nd > -n | ᴱ√SILI > ᴱQ. silwin | ✧ QL/83 |
| sorind > sorin | -nd > -n | ᴱ√ÐORO > ᴱQ. sorin | ✧ QL/85 |
| taland > talan | -nd > -n | ᴱ√TALA > ᴱQ. talan | ✧ QL/88 |
| timpinend > timpinen | -nd > -n | ᴱ√TIFI > ᴱQ. Timpinen | ✧ QL/92 |
| timpinend > timpinen | -nd > -n | ᴱ√TIFI > ᴱQ. timpinen | ✧ LT1A/Tinfang |
| tirind > tirin | -nd > -n | ᴱ√TIŘI > ᴱQ. tirin | ✧ QL/93 |
| tiriond > tirion | -nd > -n | ᴱ√TIŘI > ᴱQ. tirion | ✧ QL/93 |
| vand > van | -nd > -n | ᴱ√VAHA > ᴱQ. vand- | ✧ QL/99 |
| wererind > wererin | -nd > -n | ᴱ√GWERE > ᴱQ. ’werelin | ✧ QL/103 |
| wilwarind > wilwarin | -nd > -n | ᴱ√GWILI > ᴱQ. ’wilwarin | ✧ QL/104 |
| pilinn > pilin | -nn > -n | ᴱ√PILI² > ᴱQ. pilin | ✧ QL/74 |
| kupt > kut | -pt > -t | ᴱ√KUPU > ᴱQ. kut | ✧ QL/49 |
| lept > let | -pt > -t | ᴱ√LEPE > ᴱQ. let | ✧ QL/53 |
| papt > pat | -pt > -t | ᴱ√PAPA > ᴱQ. pat | ✧ QL/72 |
| sapt > sat | -pt > -t | ᴱ√SAPA > ᴱQ. sat | ✧ QL/82 |
| hepḷ > hetḷ | -pḷ > -tḷ | ᴱ√HEPE > ᴱQ. hetl | ✧ QL/40 |
| lipḷ > litḷ | -pḷ > -tḷ | ᴱ√LIPI > ᴱQ. litl | ✧ QL/54 |
| papḷ > patḷ | -pḷ > -tḷ | ᴱ√PAPA > ᴱQ. patl | ✧ QL/72 |
| anard > anar | -rd > -r | ᴱ√ANA > ᴱQ. anar | ✧ QL/31 |
| ektard > ektar | -rd > -r | ᴱ√EKE > ᴱQ. ektar | ✧ QL/35 |
| gosard > gosar | -rd > -r | ᴱ√KOSO > ᴱQ. kosar | ✧ QL/48 |
| ɣird > ɣir | -rd > -r | ᴱ✶ʒirdǝ > ᴱQ. hir | ✧ PE13/161 |
| ɣird > ɣir | -rd > -r | ᴱ✶ʒird- > ᴱQ. ir | ✧ PE13/144 |
| lalard > lalar | -rd > -r | ᴱ√LALA > ᴱQ. lalar | ✧ QL/50 |
| laveard > lavear | -rd > -r | ᴱ√LAVA > ᴱQ. lāvear | ✧ QL/52 |
| mard > mar | -rd > -r | ᴱ√MṚŘṚ > ᴱQ. mar | ✧ QL/63 |
| maward > mawar | -rd > -r | ᴱ✶mau̯ard- > ᴱQ. moar | ✧ PE12/14 |
| nard > nar | -rd > -r | ᴱ√NṚŘṚ > ᴱQ. nar | ✧ QL/68 |
| nʲard > nʲar | -rd > -r | ᴱ√NYAŘA > ᴱQ. nyar | ✧ QL/68 |
| talard > talar | -rd > -r | ᴱ√TALA > ᴱQ. talar | ✧ QL/88 |
| tʲurd > tʲur | -rd > -r | ᴱ√TYURU > ᴱQ. tyur | ✧ QL/50 |
| j̊arm > j̊ar | -rm > -r | ᴱ√HYAŘA > ᴱQ. hyar | ✧ QL/41 |
| kalmarn > kalmar | -rn > -r | ᴱ√KALA > ᴱQ. kalmar | ✧ QL/44 |
| mexarn > mexar | -rn > -r | ᴱ√MEHE > ᴱQ. mear | ✧ QL/60 |
| ndorn > ndor | -rn > -r | ‽ᴱ√NOŘO > ᴱQ. nor | ✧ QL/67 |
| oɣarn > oɣar | -rn > -r | ᴱ√’O’O > ᴱQ. oar | ✧ QL/70 |
| purn > pur | -rn > -r | ᴱ√PUŘU > ᴱQ. pur | ✧ QL/75 |
| taβarn > taβar | -rn > -r | ᴱ√TAVA > ᴱQ. tavar | ✧ QL/90 |
| karp > kart | -rp > -rt | ᴱ√KᴬRPᴬR > ᴱQ. kart | ✧ QL/45 |
| nurr > nur | -rr > -r | ᴱ√NURU > ᴱQ. nur | ✧ QL/68 |
| ambart > ambar | -rt > -r | ᴱ✶ambŕ:t- > ᴱQ. ambart- | ✧ PE13/137 |
| ambart > ambar | -rt > -r | ᴱ✶a-mbṝt- > ᴱQ. ambar | ✧ PE13/159 |
| kalumett > kalumet | -tt > -t | ᴱ✶k’lamektā > ᴱQ. kalumet | ✧ PE13/162 |
| latt > lat | -tt > -t | ‽ᴱ√LAPA > ᴱQ. Lat | ✧ QL/51 |
| lekʷett > lekʷet | -tt > -t | ᴱ√LEQE > ᴱQ. leqet | ✧ QL/53 |
| liritt > lirit | -tt > -t | ᴱ√LIŘI > ᴱQ. lirit | ✧ PME/54 |
| liritt > lirit | -tt > -t | ᴱ√LIŘI > ᴱQ. lirit | ✧ QL/54 |
| matt > mat | -tt > -t | ᴱ√MATA > ᴱQ. mat | ✧ QL/59 |
| natt > nat | -tt > -t | ᴱ√NĀ > ᴱQ. nat | ✧ QL/64 |
| tekett > teket | -tt > -t | ᴱ√TEKE > ᴱQ. teket | ✧ QL/90 |
| hontʲ > hont | -tʲ > -t | ᴱ√HOTYO > ᴱQ. hont | ✧ QL/41 |
| irtʲ > irt | -tʲ > -t | ᴱ√ᴵRTYᴵR > ᴱQ. irt | ✧ QL/43 |
| kentʲ > kent | -tʲ > -t | ᴱ√KENYE > ᴱQ. kent | ✧ QL/46 |
| kʷintʲ > kʷint | -tʲ > -t | ᴱ√QIT͡YI > ᴱQ. qint | ✧ QL/78 |
| lintʲ > lint | -tʲ > -t | ᴱ√LINI > ᴱQ. lint | ✧ QL/54 |
| mirtʲ > mirt | -tʲ > -t | ᴱ√MIRI > ᴱQ. mirt | ✧ QL/61 |
| piltʲ > pilt | -tʲ > -t | ᴱ√PḶT͡YḶ > ᴱQ. pilt | ✧ QL/74 |
| rentʲ > rent | -tʲ > -t | ᴱ√RET͡YE > ᴱQ. rent | ✧ QL/79 |
| sintʲ > sint | -tʲ > -t | ᴱ√SṆT͡YṆ > ᴱQ. sint | ✧ QL/85 |
| sistʲ > sist | -tʲ > -t | ᴱ√SṢT͡YṢ > ᴱQ. sist | ✧ QL/86 |
| tirtʲ > tirt | -tʲ > -t | ᴱ√TṚT͡YṚ > ᴱQ. tirt | ✧ QL/94 |
| virtʲ > virt | -tʲ > -t | ᴱ√VṚT͡YṚ > ᴱQ. virt | ✧ QL/102 |
| aŋkʷ > aŋk | -ŋkʷ > -ŋk | ᴱ√ᵁNQᵁN > ᴱQ. ‽ank | ✧ QL/31 |
| aŋkʷ > aŋk | -ŋkʷ > -ŋk | ᴱ√(U)ṆQ(U)Ṇ¹ > ᴱQ. ank | ✧ QL/98 |
| uŋkʷ > uŋk | -ŋkʷ > -ŋk | ᴱ√(U)ṆQ(U)Ṇ² > ᴱQ. unk | ✧ QL/98 |