AQ. [x] ‹χ›

AQ. [x] ‹χ›

References ✧ LotR/1123; PE19/71, 75, 78, 83-84, 89

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development

AQ. aspirates became voiceless spirants x < kʰ ✧ PE19/71 (kh > χ); PE19/75 (khy > χy); PE19/75 (khw > χw); PE19/83 (khy > χy)
AQ. initial [s] plus voiceless stops became voiceless spirants x- < sk- ✧ PE19/78 (sk > χχ > h; initially)
AQ. [x] unvoiced following [j], [w] xj > j̊ ✧ PE19/75 (χy > hy); PE19/83 (χy > ɧ)
AQ. [x] unvoiced following [j], [w] xw > w̥ ✧ PE19/75 (χw > hw)
Q. spirants became stops after [r], [l] rx > rk ✧ PE19/89 (*[rx] > rk)
Q. spirants became stops after [r], [l] lx > lk ✧ PE19/89 (*[lx] > lk)
Q. [x] became [h] except before [t] x > h ✧ PE19/71 (χ > h; initially); PE19/71 (χ > h; medially)
Van. approximants produced various spirants xtj > ʃtʃ ✧ PE19/84 (hty > [štš])

ᴹAQ. [x] ‹χ›

References ✧ PE19/37, 51

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴹAQ. aspirates became voiceless spirants x < kʰ ✧ PE19/51 (lkh > lkh); PE19/51 (lkhy > lkhy; rare); PE19/51 (lkhw > lkhw; rare); PE19/51 (rkh > rkh); PE19/51 (rkhw > rkhw); PE19/51 (rkhy > rkhy)
ᴹAQ. initial [s] plus voiceless stops became voiceless spirants x- < sk- ✧ PE19/37 (sk > h; initial)
ᴹAQ. [x], [s] unvoiced following [j], [w] xj > j̊ ✧ PE19/51 (lkhy > lhy; rare); PE19/51 (rkhy > rhy)
ᴹAQ. [x], [s] unvoiced following [j], [w] xw > w̥ ✧ PE19/51 (lkhw > lhw; rare); PE19/51 (rkhw > rhw)
ᴹQ. [x] became [h] except before [t] lx > l̥l̥ ✧ PE19/51 (lkh > lh)
ᴹQ. [x] became [h] except before [t] rx > r̥r̥ ✧ PE19/51 (rkh > rh)