S. pen¹ prep. and pref. “without, lacking, -less” (Category: Negation)

S. pen¹, prep. and pref. “without, lacking, -less” (Category: Negation)

G. -(a)vlid “less”

G. balt “rid, soluit, free”

References ✧ PE17/34, 144-145, 167, 173

Glosses

• “-less” ✧ PE17/144; PE17/173
• “lacking, without” ✧ PE17/145
• “without, ~less” ✧ PE17/34

Variations

• pen- ✧ PE17/34; PE17/144; PE17/145; PE17/173

Related

• Q. nec- “without” Sindarin uses ben “without, -less” ✧ PE17/167

Inflections

ben	soft-mutation; p-mutation	“-less”	✧ PE17/144
ben	soft-mutation; p-mutation	“without, -less”	✧ PE17/167
ben-	soft-mutation; p-mutation		✧ PE17/34

Elements

pen-

“to have not”

prefix

✧ PE17/144

Element In

• ᴺS. !pen-channas “stupid, idiotic, *(lit.) lack-wit”
• ᴺS. !penestel “hopelessness, despair, desperation; hopeless, despairing, desperate”
• ᴺS. !pen-ind “insane, heartless, crazy”
• S. Iarwain Ben-adar “Oldest and Fatherless” ✧ PE17/34 (pen-adar); PE17/34 (ben-adar); PE17/144 (pen-adar); PE17/167 (ben-adar); PE17/173 (penadar)
• S. penbed “not pronouncable” ✧ PE17/145 (pen-bed)
• S. pennod “without count” ✧ PE17/145 (pen-nod)
• S. pennoediad “innumerable” ✧ PE17/145 (pen-noediad)

Derivations

• < √PEN “lack, be without, have not” ✧ PE17/173

Phonetic Developments

√PEN > pen-

[pen-]

✧ PE17/173