Eldamo : Primitive Elvish : PEN

√PEN root. “lack, be without, have not”

√PEN root. “lack, be without, have not”: ᴱ√MANGA “lacking”; ᴱ√OYO “*poor”

A root appearing in various notes from around 1959-60 with glosses like “lack” (PE17/144), “lack, have not” (PE17/173), and “lack, be without” (WJ/375). The root clearly entered the Eldarin languages to explain the name S. Iarwain Ben-adar “Oldest and Fatherless” of Tom Bombadil (LotR/265), but Tolkien expanded its use from there.

References ✧ PE17/144, 171, 173; WJ/375, 408

Glosses

“lack” ✧ PE17/144 (PENE); PE17/173 (PENE)
“lack, be without” ✧ WJ/375
“lack, have not” ✧ PE17/173
“lack, not have” ✧ PE17/171 (PEN)

Variations

PEN ✧ PE17/173; WJ/375; WJ/408; PE17/171 (PEN)
PENE ✧ PE17/144; PE17/173

PEN “lack, not have” distinguished from PED “incline, slope” ✧ PE17/171
PEN “lack, be without, have not” possibly replacing ᴹ√PEN(ED) “*hillside, slope”
KWEN in Telerin clashed with PEN “lack, be without” ✧ WJ/375
T. Pendi “the lacking, the poor” fell out of use since it was felt to be related to PEN ✧ WJ/408

Derivatives

> ᴺQ. !penno “poor man”
> ᴺQ. !penta- “to lose”
> Q. pen “without, not having” ✧ PE17/171
> Q. pen- “not to have” ✧ PE17/173
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !penië “lack, want, shortage”
> Q. penna “lacking; vowel”
> Q. penya “lacking, inadequate”
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !aupenya “complete, without lack”
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !penyalë “poverty, deprivation”
> S. pen- “to have not” ✧ PE17/144; PE17/171; PE17/173
- ⇒ S. pen¹ “without, lacking, -less” ✧ PE17/144
  - ⇒ 7 compounds
> S. pen¹ “without, lacking, -less” ✧ PE17/173
- ⇒ 7 compounds