Eldamo : Quenya : pen-

Q. pen- v. (basic-verb) “not to have” (Category: Poor)

Q. pen-, v. (basic-verb) “not to have, *to lack” (Category: Poor)

A verb in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 used as the negative of sam- “have” based on the root √PEN “lack, have not” as in penin “I haven’t” (PE17/146). Thus a better meaning might be “*to lack”.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. oito “lack” with past tense oionte under the early root ᴱ√OYO (QL/71).

References ✧ PE17/173

Variations

pen- ✧ PE17/173

pen- “not to have” negative of #sam- “to have”
pen- used as a negative of verb samin ✧ PE17/173

Inflections

penin

aorist 1st-sg

“no, I haven’t”

✧ PE17/173

Element In

ᴺQ. !penië “lack, want, shortage, ⚠️poverty”

Cognates

S. pen- “to have not, *to lack” ✧ PE17/173

Derivations

< √PEN “lack, be without, have not” ✧ PE17/173

Phonetic Developments

√PEN > pen-

[pen-]

✧ PE17/173

ᴱQ. oito- v. “to lack” (Category: Poor)

See Q. pen- for discussion.

References ✧ QL/71

Glosses

“lack” ✧ QL/71

Variations

oito ✧ QL/71

Inflections

oionte

past

✧ QL/71

Derivations

< ᴱ√OYO “*poor” ✧ QL/71

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ√OYO > oito

[ojto-] > [oito-]

✧ QL/71