ᴹAQ. initial [ɣ] became [h]; [ɣ-] > [h-]
Reference ✧ PE19/33
Order (01300)
| Before | 03000 | voiced stops became spirants except after nasals and liquids |
Phonetic Rule Elements
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Phonetic Rule Examples
| ɣando > hando | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷAN > ᴹQ. hando | ✧ EtyAC/ƷAN |
| ɣanu > hanu | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷAN > ᴹQ. hanu | ✧ Ety/ƷAN |
| ɣanu > hanu | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷAN > ᴹQ. #hanu | ✧ Ety/INI |
| ɣanu > hanu | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷAN > ᴹQ. hanu | ✧ EtyAC/ƷAN |
| ɣanwa > hanwa | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷAN > ᴹQ. hanwa | ✧ Ety/INI |
| ɣaran > haran | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. haran | ✧ Ety/ƷAR |
| ɣaran > haran | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. haran | ✧ Ety/TĀ |
| ɣaran > haran | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷARA > ᴹQ. haran | ✧ EtyAC/ƷARA |
| ɣarda > harda | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. harda | ✧ Ety/EN |
| ɣarda > harda | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷARA > ᴹQ. harda | ✧ EtyAC/ƷARA |
| ɣarja- > harja- | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. harya- | ✧ Ety/ƷAR |
| ɣarjon > harjon | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. haryon | ✧ Ety/ƷAR |
| ɣarma > harma | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. harma | ✧ Ety/ƷAR |
| ɣarma > harma | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷARAM > ᴹQ. harma | ✧ Ety/ƷARAM |
| ɣarma > harma | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷÁRAM > ᴹQ. harma | ✧ EtyAC/ƷARAM |
| ɣarni > harni | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. harni | ✧ Ety/ƷAR |
| ɣarwe > harwe | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. harwe | ✧ Ety/ƷAR |
| ɣelda > helda | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ÑEL > ᴹQ. helda | ✧ EtyAC/ÑEL |
| ɣelde > helde | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ÑEL > ᴹQ. helde | ✧ EtyAC/ÑEL |
| ɣeldo > heldo | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ÑEL > ᴹQ. heldo | ✧ EtyAC/ÑEL |
| ɣelle > helle | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷEL > ᴹQ. helle | ✧ Ety/ƷEL |
| ɣelme > helme | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ÑEL > ᴹQ. helme | ✧ EtyAC/ÑEL |
| ɣelmo > helmo | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ÑEL > ᴹQ. helmo | ✧ EtyAC/ÑEL |
| ɣelwa > helwa | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷEL > ᴹQ. helwa | ✧ Ety/ƷEL |
| ɣelwe > helwe | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷEL > ᴹ✶Helwe | ✧ EtyAC/ƷEL |
| ɣiuta- > hiuta- | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ÑIW > ᴹQ. hiuta- | ✧ EtyAC/ÑIW |
| ɣo > ho | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷŌ̆ > ᴹQ. ho | ✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆ |
| ɣo > ho | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ✶ʒō̆ > ᴹQ. ho | ✧ PE21/60 |
| ɣolme > holme | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ÑOL > ᴹQ. holme | ✧ Ety/ÑOL |
| ɣorro > horro | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷOR > ᴹQ. horro | ✧ EtyAC/ƷOR |
| ɣu > hu | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ÑŌ²/ÑONO > ᴹQ. hu | ✧ EtyAC/ÑŌ² |
| ɣū- > hū- | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷŪ > ᴹQ. hū̆- | ✧ EtyAC/ƷŪ |
| ɣumin > humin | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ƷŪ > ᴹQ. humin | ✧ EtyAC/ƷŪ |
| ɣūna > hūna | ɣ- > h- | ᴹ√ÑŌ²/ÑONO > ᴹQ. hūna- | ✧ EtyAC/ÑŌ² |
ᴱQ. initial [ɣ] vanished or became [h]; [ɣ-|ɣ-] > [ø-|h-]
Phonetic Rule Elements
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> |
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> |
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Phonetic Rule Examples
| ɣalda > halda | ɣ- > h- | ᴱ✶ʒaldá > ᴱQ. halda | ✧ PE13/144 |
| ɣir > hir | ɣ- > h- | ᴱ✶ʒirdǝ > ᴱQ. hir | ✧ PE13/161 |
| ɣirdi > hirdi | ɣ- > h- | ᴱ✶ʒirdī > ᴱQ. hirdi | ✧ PE13/161 |
| ɣalas > alas | ɣ- > ø- | ‽ᴱ✶ʒalast- > ᴱQ. alas | ✧ QL/30 |
| ɣar > ar | ɣ- > ø- | ᴱ√ƷARA > ᴱQ. ar(a) | ✧ QL/32 |
| ɣarða > arða | ɣ- > ø- | ᴱ√ƷARA > ᴱQ. arda | ✧ QL/32 |
| ɣare > are | ɣ- > ø- | ᴱ√ƷARA > ᴱQ. are | ✧ QL/32 |
| ɣarwa > arwa | ɣ- > ø- | ᴱ√ƷARA > ᴱQ. arwa | ✧ QL/32 |
| ɣir > ir | ɣ- > ø- | ᴱ✶ʒird- > ᴱQ. ir | ✧ PE13/144 |
| ɣomba > omba | ɣ- > ø- | ᴱ√ONO¹ > ᴱQ. omba | ✧ QL/70 |
| ɣon > on | ɣ- > ø- | ᴱ√ONO¹ > ᴱQ. on(d) | ✧ QL/70 |
| ɣondo > ondo | ɣ- > ø- | ᴱ√ONO¹ > ᴱQ. ondo | ✧ QL/70 |
| ɣonin > onin | ɣ- > ø- | ᴱ√ONO¹ > ᴱQ. onin | ✧ QL/70 |
| ɣonwa > onwa | ɣ- > ø- | ᴱ√ONO¹ > ᴱQ. onwa | ✧ QL/70 |
| ɣūrion > ūrion | ɣ- > ø- | ᴱ√UŘU > ᴱQ. Ūrion | ✧ QL/98 |
| ɣurja- > urja- | ɣ- > ø- | ᴱ√UŘU > ᴱQ. urya- | ✧ QL/98 |
| ɣurna > urna | ɣ- > ø- | ᴱ√UŘU > ᴱQ. urna | ✧ QL/98 |
| ɣusta- > usta- | ɣ- > ø- | ᴱ√UŘU > ᴱQ. usta- | ✧ QL/98 |