ᴹAQ. initial [ɣ] became [h]; [ɣ-] > [h-]

ᴹAQ. initial [ɣ] became [h]; [ɣ-] > [h-]

Reference ✧ PE19/33

Order (01300)

Before 03000 voiced stops became spirants except after nasals and liquids

Phonetic Rule Elements

[ɣ-] > [h-]

Phonetic Rule Examples

ɣando > hando ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷAN > ᴹQ. hando ✧ EtyAC/ƷAN
ɣanu > hanu ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷAN > ᴹQ. hanu ✧ Ety/ƷAN
ɣanu > hanu ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷAN > ᴹQ. #hanu ✧ Ety/INI
ɣanu > hanu ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷAN > ᴹQ. hanu ✧ EtyAC/ƷAN
ɣanwa > hanwa ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷAN > ᴹQ. hanwa ✧ Ety/INI
ɣaran > haran ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. haran ✧ Ety/ƷAR
ɣaran > haran ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. haran ✧ Ety/TĀ
ɣaran > haran ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷARA > ᴹQ. haran ✧ EtyAC/ƷARA
ɣarda > harda ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. harda ✧ Ety/EN
ɣarda > harda ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷARA > ᴹQ. harda ✧ EtyAC/ƷARA
ɣarja- > harja- ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. harya- ✧ Ety/ƷAR
ɣarjon > harjon ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. haryon ✧ Ety/ƷAR
ɣarma > harma ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. harma ✧ Ety/ƷAR
ɣarma > harma ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷARAM > ᴹQ. harma ✧ Ety/ƷARAM
ɣarma > harma ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷÁRAM > ᴹQ. harma ✧ EtyAC/ƷARAM
ɣarni > harni ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. harni ✧ Ety/ƷAR
ɣarwe > harwe ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷAR > ᴹQ. harwe ✧ Ety/ƷAR
ɣelda > helda ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ÑEL > ᴹQ. helda ✧ EtyAC/ÑEL
ɣelde > helde ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ÑEL > ᴹQ. helde ✧ EtyAC/ÑEL
ɣeldo > heldo ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ÑEL > ᴹQ. heldo ✧ EtyAC/ÑEL
ɣelle > helle ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷEL > ᴹQ. helle ✧ Ety/ƷEL
ɣelme > helme ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ÑEL > ᴹQ. helme ✧ EtyAC/ÑEL
ɣelmo > helmo ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ÑEL > ᴹQ. helmo ✧ EtyAC/ÑEL
ɣelwa > helwa ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷEL > ᴹQ. helwa ✧ Ety/ƷEL
ɣelwe > helwe ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷEL > ᴹ✶Helwe ✧ EtyAC/ƷEL
ɣiuta- > hiuta- ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ÑIW > ᴹQ. hiuta- ✧ EtyAC/ÑIW
ɣo > ho ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷŌ̆ > ᴹQ. ho ✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆
ɣo > ho ɣ- > h- ᴹ✶ʒō̆ > ᴹQ. ho ✧ PE21/60
ɣolme > holme ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ÑOL > ᴹQ. holme ✧ Ety/ÑOL
ɣorro > horro ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷOR > ᴹQ. horro ✧ EtyAC/ƷOR
ɣu > hu ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ÑŌ²/ÑONO > ᴹQ. hu ✧ EtyAC/ÑŌ²
ɣū- > hū- ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷŪ > ᴹQ. hū̆- ✧ EtyAC/ƷŪ
ɣumin > humin ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ƷŪ > ᴹQ. humin ✧ EtyAC/ƷŪ
ɣūna > hūna ɣ- > h- ᴹ√ÑŌ²/ÑONO > ᴹQ. hūna- ✧ EtyAC/ÑŌ²

ᴱQ. initial [ɣ] vanished or became [h]; [ɣ-|ɣ-] > [ø-|h-]

Phonetic Rule Elements

[ɣ-] > [ø-]
[ɣ-] > [h-]

Phonetic Rule Examples

ɣalda > halda ɣ- > h- ᴱ✶ʒaldá > ᴱQ. halda ✧ PE13/144
ɣir > hir ɣ- > h- ᴱ✶ʒirdǝ > ᴱQ. hir ✧ PE13/161
ɣirdi > hirdi ɣ- > h- ᴱ✶ʒirdī > ᴱQ. hirdi ✧ PE13/161
ɣalas > alas ɣ- > ø- ‽ᴱ✶ʒalast- > ᴱQ. alas ✧ QL/30
ɣar > ar ɣ- > ø- ᴱ√ƷARA > ᴱQ. ar(a) ✧ QL/32
ɣarða > arða ɣ- > ø- ᴱ√ƷARA > ᴱQ. arda ✧ QL/32
ɣare > are ɣ- > ø- ᴱ√ƷARA > ᴱQ. are ✧ QL/32
ɣarwa > arwa ɣ- > ø- ᴱ√ƷARA > ᴱQ. arwa ✧ QL/32
ɣir > ir ɣ- > ø- ᴱ✶ʒird- > ᴱQ. ir ✧ PE13/144
ɣomba > omba ɣ- > ø- ᴱ√ONO¹ > ᴱQ. omba ✧ QL/70
ɣon > on ɣ- > ø- ᴱ√ONO¹ > ᴱQ. on(d) ✧ QL/70
ɣondo > ondo ɣ- > ø- ᴱ√ONO¹ > ᴱQ. ondo ✧ QL/70
ɣonin > onin ɣ- > ø- ᴱ√ONO¹ > ᴱQ. onin ✧ QL/70
ɣonwa > onwa ɣ- > ø- ᴱ√ONO¹ > ᴱQ. onwa ✧ QL/70
ɣūrion > ūrion ɣ- > ø- ᴱ√UŘU > ᴱQ. Ūrion ✧ QL/98
ɣurja- > urja- ɣ- > ø- ᴱ√UŘU > ᴱQ. urya- ✧ QL/98
ɣurna > urna ɣ- > ø- ᴱ√UŘU > ᴱQ. urna ✧ QL/98
ɣusta- > usta- ɣ- > ø- ᴱ√UŘU > ᴱQ. usta- ✧ QL/98