ᴹQ. [f]

ᴹQ. [f]

References ✧ Ety/ÓLOS; PE19/37, 50-51; PE22/65

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴹAQ. aspirates became voiceless spirants ɸ < pʰ ✧ PE19/37 (ph > f)
ᴹAQ. initial [s] plus voiceless stops became voiceless spirants ɸ- < sp- ✧ PE19/37 (sp > f; initial)
ᴹQ. [ɸ], [β] became [f], [v] f < ɸ ✧ PE19/50 (ph > f); PE19/50 (phy > fy); PE19/51 (lph > lf); PE19/51 (rph > rf)
ᴹQ. [sf] became [f] f < sf ✧ Ety/ÓLOS (s-f > f)

ᴱQ. [f]

References ✧ PE12/16-17, 19-21, 26; PE14/41, 60

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴱQ. initial [sw] and [sβ] became [f], [sj] became [j̊] f- < sβ- ✧ PE12/19 (su̯, sw̑, sƀ > f)
ᴱQ. [ɸx] became [f] f < ɸx ✧ PE12/20 (ꝑx > fh > f)
f < xxʷ ✧ PE12/20 (xx͡w > ff > f)
ᴱQ. geminate voiceless spirants reduced f < ff ✧ PE12/21 (ff > f)
ᴱQ. initial [sw] and [sβ] became [f], [sj] became [j̊] f- < sw- ✧ PE12/26 (sẇ > hw > f)
ᴱQ. voiceless and voiced [w] became [f], [v] in Inwelin f < w̥ ✧ PE14/60 (hw > f)
ᴱQ. initial and intervocalic [xʷ] became [f] f- < xʷ- ✧ PE12/17 (x͡w > f)
ᴱQ. initial and intervocalic [xʷ] became [f] VfV < VxʷV ✧ PE12/17 (x͡w > f; between vowels)
ᴱQ. [ɸ] usually became [f] f < ɸ ✧ PE12/16 (ꝑ > f); PE12/21 (ꝑꝑ > ff)
ᴱQ. [ɸ] usually became [f] f < ɸɣʷ ✧ PE12/20 (fw̑ > f)
ᴱQ. geminate voiceless spirants reduced ff > f ✧ PE12/21 (ff > f)
ᴱQ. [f] became [v] except before stressed vowel VfV|VfV́ > VvV|VfV́ ✧ PE12/20 (f > v); PE12/20 (f > v)
ᴱQ. intervocalic voiceless spirants became voiced VfV > VvV ✧ PE12/17 (f > v)

ᴱQ. †[ɸ]

References ✧ PE12/21

Phonetic Development

ᴱQ. voiceless spirant combinations assimilated except to [θ] ɸɸ < xʷɸ ✧ PE12/21 (x͡w + ꝑ > ꝑꝑ)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirant combinations assimilated except to [θ] ɸɸ < xɸ ✧ PE12/21 (x + ꝑ > ꝑꝑ)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirant combinations assimilated except to [θ] ɸɸ < θʲɸ ✧ PE12/21 (x͡y + ꝑ > ꝑꝑ)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirant combinations assimilated except to [θ] ɸɸ < θɸ ✧ PE12/21 (þ + ꝑ > ꝑꝑ)
ᴱQ. [ɸ] usually became [f] ɸ > f ✧ PE12/21 (ꝑꝑ > ff)