ᴱQ. present grammar.
| Examples (present) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| an | “give” | [← anta-] | ✧ PE14/53 | ||||||
| kaita | “lie down” | [← kaita-] | ✧ PE14/58 | ||||||
| kapta | “leap” | [← kapta-²] | ✧ PE14/58 | ||||||
| kare | “make” | [← kara-] | ✧ PE14/58 | ||||||
| kare | ← kara | ✧ PE15/71 | |||||||
| tuve | “receive, take” | [← tuvu-] | ✧ PE14/58 | ||||||
| tue | [← tuvu-] | ✧ PE14/58 | |||||||
| i | “is” | [← e-²] | ✧ PE14/51 | ||||||
| e | “is” | [← e-²] | ✧ PE14/51 | ||||||
| e | [← e-²] | ✧ PE14/57 | |||||||
| i | ← e (present) | ✧ PE14/57 | |||||||
| e | “is” | [← e-²] | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| ea | [← e-²] | ✧ PE16/140 | |||||||
| hari | ← hari | ✧ PE14/58 | |||||||
| **hare | ← hari | ✧ PE14/58 | |||||||
| ilta | “in came” | [← ilt-] | ✧ PE14/54 | ||||||
| karpe | “pluck” | [← karp-] | ✧ PE14/58 | ||||||
| lalle | “chatter, babble” | [← lala-] | ✧ PE16/144 | ||||||
| lilte | “dance” | [← lilt-] | ✧ PE14/58 | ||||||
| lilte | “dance” | [← lilt-] | ✧ PE15/71 | ||||||
| mape | “seize” | [← mapa-] | ✧ PE14/58 | ||||||
| mate | ← mat- | ✧ PE14/57 | |||||||
| mate | “eat” | [← mata-] | ✧ PE14/58 | ||||||
| mate | [← mata-] | ✧ PE14/70 | |||||||
| mate | “eats” | [← mata-] | ✧ PE14/85 | ||||||
| tanga- | ← tanga | ✧ PE14/58 | |||||||
| piste | “spit” | [← pist-] | ✧ PE14/58 | ||||||
| silte | “sift” | [← silt-] | ✧ PE14/58 | ||||||
| sore | ← soro | ✧ PE15/77 | |||||||
| sulpe | “sips, tastes” | [← sulp-] | ✧ PE13/149 | ||||||
| sulpe | “drink” | [← sulp-] | ✧ PE14/58 | ||||||
| tante | “bounce” | [← tanta-¹] | ✧ PE14/58 | ||||||
| tantila | ← tantila | ✧ PE14/58 | |||||||
| tantilta | ← tantilta | ✧ PE14/58 | |||||||
| tantya | ← tantya | ✧ PE14/58 | |||||||
| [tant]īne | ← tantya | ✧ PE14/58 | |||||||
| tiqe | “it thaws” | [← tiqi-] | ✧ PE14/56 | ||||||
| tiqe | “melt” | [← tiqi-] | ✧ PE14/58 | ||||||
| tule | [← tulu-] | ✧ PE14/28 | |||||||
| tule | “comes” | [← tulu-] | ✧ PE14/52 | ||||||
| tule | “come” | [← tulu-] | ✧ PE14/53 | ||||||
| tule | ← tul- | ✧ PE14/57 | |||||||
| tule | “come” | [← tulu-] | ✧ PE14/59 | ||||||
| tule | “come” | [← tulu-] | ✧ PE14/59 | ||||||
| tule | “comes” | [← tulu-] | ✧ PE14/85 | ||||||
| tule | [← tulu-] | ✧ PE16/124 | |||||||
| tulie | [← tulu-] | ✧ PE16/125 | |||||||
| tulya | ← tulya | ✧ PE14/58 | |||||||
| tumpe | “beat” | [← tump-¹] | ✧ PE14/58 | ||||||
| tunqe | “hear” | [← tunq-] | ✧ PE14/58 | ||||||
| uqe | “it rains” | [← #uqu-] | ✧ PE14/56 | ||||||
| úqe | “it rains” | [← #uqu-] | ✧ PE14/85 | ||||||
| tulimbo | [← tulu-] | 1st-dual-exclusive | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| [tulimb]ur | [← tulu-] | 1st-dual-exclusive | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulimbo | [← tulu-] | 1st-dual-exclusive | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulingo | [← tulu-] | 1st-dual-inclusive | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulingwe | [← tulu-] | 1st-dual-inclusive | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| [tuling]ur | [← tulu-] | 1st-dual-inclusive | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulingo | [← tulu-] | 1st-dual-inclusive | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulilme | [← tulu-] | 1st-pl-exclusive | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulilme(n) | [← tulu-] | 1st-pl-exclusive | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulilme | [← tulu-] | 1st-pl-exclusive | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulingwe | [← tulu-] | 1st-pl-inclusive | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulingwe(n) | [← tulu-] | 1st-pl-inclusive | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulingwe | [← tulu-] | 1st-pl-inclusive | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| anir | “I give” | [← anta-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/31 | |||||
| anin | [← anta-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/31 | ||||||
| aqin | “I seize in my hand” | [← #aqa-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/31 | |||||
| karin | “I make, do” | [← kara-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/45 | |||||
| kilkin | “I gather, reap” | [← kilk-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/47 | |||||
| kilkin | “to gather, reap” | [← kilk-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/47 | |||||
| elin | “I drive” | [← #ele-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/35 | |||||
| enin | “I am called” | [← en-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/35 | |||||
| enin | [← en-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/35 | ||||||
| emin | [← en-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/35 | ||||||
| erin | “remains” | [← #er-] | 1st-sg | ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa | |||||
| erin | “remains” | [← #er-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/36 | |||||
| kenin | “I prick” | [← keny-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/46 | |||||
| fengin | “I cut” | [← #feng-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/38 | |||||
| harin | “remains” | [← har-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/39 | |||||
| hatin | “I fling” | [← hata-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/39 | |||||
| hilkin | “it freezes” | [← hilk-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/39 | |||||
| hepin | “I bind” | [← hepe-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/40 | |||||
| hotin | “I sneeze” | [← #hotyo-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/41 | |||||
| iltin | “I thrust home” | [← ilt-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/42 | |||||
| iqin | “I beg, ‘pray’” | [← iq-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/43 | |||||
| irtin | “I peck, prick” | [← #irty-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/43 | |||||
| kangin | “I weave, spin” | [← #kanga-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/45 | |||||
| kapin | “I jump” | [← kap-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/45 | |||||
| kawin | “I bow” | [← kawa-] | 1st-sg | ✧ LT1A/Kaukaeldar | |||||
| kawin | “I bow, make obeisance” | [← kawa-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/45 | |||||
| kulpin | “I contain” | [← kulp-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/47 | |||||
| kumin | “I pile up” | [← #kum-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/49 | |||||
| kakin | “I laugh” | [← kaka-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/44 | |||||
| lomir | “I hide” | [← lom-] | 1st-sg | ✧ LT1A/Hisilómë | |||||
| lomir | “I hide (tr.), lurk (intr.)” | [← lom-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/55 | |||||
| lomir | “I hide (tr.)” | [← lom-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/55 | |||||
| mokir | “I hate” | [← mok-] | 1st-sg | ✧ LT1A/Kosomot | |||||
| mokir | “I hate” | [← mok-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/62 | |||||
| kiltin | “I jerk, tuck” | [← #kilti-] | 1st-sg | ✧ QL/47 | |||||
| tulinye | [← tulu-] | 1st-sg | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulinye | [← tulu-] | 1st-sg | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| [tul]illo | [← tulu-] | 2nd-dual | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| [tulill]ur | [← tulu-] | 2nd-dual | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulillo | [← tulu-] | 2nd-dual | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulille | [← tulu-] | 2nd-pl | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulille | [← tulu-] | 2nd-pl | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| emil | ← enin (present 1st-sg) | 2nd-sg | ✧ QL/35 | ||||||
| enil | ← enin (present 1st-sg) | 2nd-sg | ✧ QL/35 | ||||||
| tuliste | [← tulu-] | 2nd-sg | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tul | [← tulu-] | 2nd-sg | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulilye | [← tulu-] | 2nd-sg | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| [tul]insi(r) | [← tulu-] | 3rd-dual-fem | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulisse | [← tulu-] | 3rd-dual-fem | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| [tuliss]ir | [← tulu-] | 3rd-dual-fem | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| [tul]intu(r) | [← tulu-] | 3rd-dual-masc | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulisso | [← tulu-] | 3rd-dual-masc | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| [tuliss]ur | [← tulu-] | 3rd-dual-masc | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| [tul]inta(r) | [← tulu-] | 3rd-dual-neut | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulitta(r) | [← tulu-] | 3rd-dual-neut | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulilde | [← tulu-] | 3rd-pl-fem | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulilde(n) | [← tulu-] | 3rd-pl-fem | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulildo | [← tulu-] | 3rd-pl-masc | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulildo(n) | [← tulu-] | 3rd-pl-masc | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulilta | [← tulu-] | 3rd-pl-neut | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulilta(n) | [← tulu-] | 3rd-pl-neut | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| emir | ← enin (present 1st-sg) | 3rd-sg | ✧ QL/35 | ||||||
| enir | ← enin (present 1st-sg) | 3rd-sg | ✧ QL/35 | ||||||
| hilkin | “it freezes” | [← hilk-] | 3rd-sg | ✧ LT1A/Helkar | |||||
| ilkin- | “it seems” | [← ilk-] | 3rd-sg | ✧ QL/42 | |||||
| limin | “he binds” | [← lim-] | 3rd-sg | ✧ QL/54 | |||||
| tulia | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulie | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| usin | “he escapes” | [← usu-] | 3rd-sg | ✧ LT1A/Dor Faidwen | |||||
| avin | “he departs” | [← #ava-] | 3rd-sg | ✧ QL/33 | |||||
| Kaire | “lay” | [← kaya-] | 3rd-sg-fem | ✧ MC/221 | |||||
| kaire | “lay” | [← kaya-] | 3rd-sg-fem | ✧ PE16/62 | |||||
| käire | [← kaya-] | 3rd-sg-fem | ✧ PE16/72 | ||||||
| kaire | [← kaya-] | 3rd-sg-fem | ✧ PE16/74 | ||||||
| †kaire | [← kaya-] | 3rd-sg-fem | ✧ PE16/75 | ||||||
| kair | [← kaya-] | 3rd-sg-fem | ✧ PE16/75 | ||||||
| kaire | [← kaya-] | 3rd-sg-fem | ✧ PE16/77 | ||||||
| fundunár | [← fundu(na)-] | 3rd-sg-fem | ✧ PE16/60 | ||||||
| fundunáre | [← fundu(na)-] | 3rd-sg-fem | ✧ PE16/61 | ||||||
| tulisse | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-fem | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulinde | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-fem | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| [tul]īre | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-fem | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| alildon | [← #ala-] | 3rd-sg-masc | ✧ PE16/80 | ||||||
| númetar | “went down in the West” | [← númeta-] | 3rd-sg-masc | ✧ MC/221 | |||||
| númetar | “went down” | [← númeta-] | 3rd-sg-masc | ✧ PE16/62 | |||||
| númetáro | [← númeta-] | 3rd-sg-masc | ✧ PE16/64 | ||||||
| nuumetaar | [← númeta-] | 3rd-sg-masc | ✧ PE16/72 | ||||||
| númetar | [← númeta-] | 3rd-sg-masc | ✧ PE16/74 | ||||||
| nuumetaar | [← númeta-] | 3rd-sg-masc | ✧ PE16/77 | ||||||
| kantalár | [← kantala-] | 3rd-sg-masc | ✧ PE16/60 | ||||||
| kantalára | [← kantala-] | 3rd-sg-masc | ✧ PE16/61 | ||||||
| tulindo | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-masc | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulindo | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-masc | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| [tul]īro | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-masc | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulīta | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-neut | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulat | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-neut | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulīta | [← tulu-] | 3rd-sg-neut | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| in(d-) | ← e (present) | active-participle | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| inda | ← e (present) | active-participle | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| matsin | ← mat- | active-participle | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| tulinwa | [← tulu-] | active-participle | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulīlya/tulíla | [← tulu-] | active-participle | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulvála/tulvalya | [← tulu-] | active-participle | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulimba | [← tulu-] | active-participle | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulin | ← tul- | active-participle | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| tulit | [← tulu-] | dual | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tuli(n)t | [← tulu-] | dual | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulir | [← tulu-] | dual | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulisset | [← tulu-] | dual fem | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulindon | [← tulu-] | dual masc | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulista | [← tulu-] | dual neut | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulint(a) | [← tulu-] | dual neut | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulyat | [← tulu-] | dual neut | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| †tulir | [← tulu-] | fem | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulisse | [← tulu-] | fem | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| ista | ← e (present) | gerund | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| matsista | ← mat- | gerund | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| tulinto | [← tulu-] | gerund | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulinto | [← tulu-] | gerund | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulista | ← tul- | gerund | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| tú | [← tuvu-] | impersonal | ✧ PE14/58 | ||||||
| ir | ← e (present) | impersonal | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| matsir | “is eaten” | [← mata-] | impersonal | ✧ PE14/56 | |||||
| matsir | ← mat- | impersonal | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| matsir | “one eats; is eaten” | [← mata-] | impersonal | ✧ PE14/85 | |||||
| tulir | “one goes, somebody goes” | [← tulu-] | impersonal | ✧ PE14/56 | |||||
| tulir | ← tul- | impersonal | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| kiryinqen | [← kiri-] | infinitive | ✧ PE16/56 | ||||||
| kiryinqe | [← kiri-] | infinitive | ✧ PE16/56 | ||||||
| tulint | [← tulu-] | infinitive | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulinqe | [← tulu-] | infinitive | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulista | [← tulu-] | infinitive | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulint | [← tulu-] | infinitive | ✧ PE16/128 | ||||||
| tulin(do) | [← tulu-] | masc | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tule | [← tulu-] | neut | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulitā | [← tulu-] | neut | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulya | [← tulu-] | neut | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulilwe | [← tulu-] | passive | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulilqe | [← tulu-] | passive | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulildo | [← tulu-] | passive | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulilqet | [← tulu-] | passive dual | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulilwet | [← tulu-] | passive dual | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulildon | [← tulu-] | passive dual | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulillet | [← tulu-] | passive dual fem | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulilmut | [← tulu-] | passive dual masc | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tuliltan | [← tulu-] | passive dual neut | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulille | [← tulu-] | passive fem | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulilse | [← tulu-] | passive fem | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulildo | [← tulu-] | passive gerund | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulil(de) | [← tulu-] | passive infinitive | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulīma/tulilma | [← tulu-] | passive infinitive | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulilmo | [← tulu-] | passive masc | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulilta | [← tulu-] | passive neut | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulilwi(r) | [← tulu-] | passive plural | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulilqi(r) | [← tulu-] | passive plural | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulildu | [← tulu-] | passive plural | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulillir | [← tulu-] | passive plural fem | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tulilmur | [← tulu-] | passive plural masc | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tuliltai | [← tulu-] | passive plural neut | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tuliltar | [← tulu-] | passive plural neut | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tūlila | [← tulu-] | passive-participle | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| tūlilya(nt) | [← tulu-] | passive-participle | ✧ PE14/30 | ||||||
| il | ← e (present) | plural | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| matsil | ← mat- | plural | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| matsi | [← mata-] | plural | ✧ PE14/70 | ||||||
| †tulya | [← tulu-] | plural | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulir | [← tulu-] | plural | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulil | ← tul- | plural | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| tulil | [← tulu-] | plural | ✧ PE14/59 | ||||||
| tulil | “come” | [← tulu-] | plural | ✧ PE14/59 | |||||
| tulil | [← tulu-] | plural | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulissir | [← tulu-] | plural fem | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulindoi | [← tulu-] | plural masc | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulyar | [← tulu-] | plural neut | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| tulinta | [← tulu-] | plural neut | ✧ PE14/28 | ||||||
| ikto | ← e (present) | reflexive | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| matsikto | ← mat- | reflexive | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| tulista | [← tulu-] | reflexive | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| †[tul]is | [← tulu-] | reflexive | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tulikto | [← tulu-] | reflexive | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tulisto | [← tulu-] | reflexive | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tulikto(r) | ← tul- | reflexive | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| tulistan | [← tulu-] | reflexive dual | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tuliston | [← tulu-] | reflexive dual | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tuliksin | [← tulu-] | reflexive dual fem | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tulikson | [← tulu-] | reflexive dual masc | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tuliktan | [← tulu-] | reflexive dual neut | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tulikse | [← tulu-] | reflexive fem | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tulitsa | [← tulu-] | reflexive gerund | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| [tul]iksa(nt) | [← tulu-] | reflexive gerund | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tulis(te) | [← tulu-] | reflexive infinitive | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tulinko | [← tulu-] | reflexive masc | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| túliesto | [← tulu-] | reflexive masc | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tulikta | [← tulu-] | reflexive neut | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| ilko | ← e (present) | reflexive plural | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| matsilto | ← mat- | reflexive plural | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| tulistu | [← tulu-] | reflexive plural | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tulistoi | [← tulu-] | reflexive plural | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tulilto(r) | ← tul- | reflexive plural | ✧ PE14/57 | ||||||
| tuliksi | [← tulu-] | reflexive plural fem | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tuliksoi | [← tulu-] | reflexive plural masc | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tuliktai | [← tulu-] | reflexive plural neut | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tulistima | [← tulu-] | reflexive-participle | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| tuliksima | [← tulu-] | reflexive-participle | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
| †tuliska | [← tulu-] | reflexive-participle | ✧ PE14/29 | ||||||
References ✧ PE14/34, 56
Element In