Eldamo : Noldorin : gar-

N. gar- v. “to hold, have” (Category: to Hold)

N. gar-, v. “to hold, have, *possess” (Category: to Hold)

A verb appearing as garo with 1st. sg. gerin “I hold, have” in The Etymologies from around 1937 under on the root ᴹ√GAR of similar meaning (Ety/ƷAR|GAR). The root ᴹ√GAR went through a number of revisions, and the verb’s glosses were altered from gar- “hold, possess” (Ety/GAR) >> garo “hold, keep” (EtyAC/GAR) >> garo “hold, have”.

Neo-Sindarin: I would use this as the main Sindarin verb for “to have” with additional senses “hold” and “possess”. For “to keep” I would instead use heb-.

Conceptual Development: Possible precursors from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s include G. {gaira- >>} guira- “possess” (GL/43), G. {gatha- >>} gôtha- “possess, have, hold” with variant gai (GL/42), and [rejected] fâ- “have, hold, possess” (GL/33). The unrejected verbs guira- and gôtha- were related, and the latter was derived from ᴱ✶ı̯otta {<< ᴱ✶ı̯atta} and had an irregular past form gui derived from ✶ı̯ōı̯ē {<< ᴱ✶ı̯āı̯ē}.

The verb gar also appeared in the 1936 phrase lheben teil brann i annon ar neledh neledhi gar godrebh “five foot high the door and three may walk abreast”, but its exact function is unclear; see that entry for details.

References ✧ Ety/GAR, ƷAR|GAR; EtyAC/GAR; TAI/150

Glosses

“hold, possess” ✧ Ety/GAR (gar-)

Variations

gar- ✧ Ety/GAR

Changes

gar- “hold, possess” >> garo ✧ Ety/GAR

Inflections

garo	infinitive		✧ EtyAC/GAR
garo	infinitive	“hold, keep”	✧ EtyAC/GAR
garo-	infinitive	“hold, have”	✧ Ety/ƷAR\|GAR
garant	past		✧ EtyAC/GAR
gar	present	“may”	✧ TAI/150
gerin	present 1st-sg	“I hold, have”	✧ Ety/ƷAR\|GAR
gerin	present 1st-sg		✧ EtyAC/GAR

Element In

ᴺS. !garnen “owned, held, possessed”
N. lheben teil brann i annon ar neledh neledhi gar godrebh “five foot high the door and three may walk abreast” ✧ TAI/150

Derivations

< ᴹ√GAR “keep, hold, possess; maintain, defend” ✧ Ety/GAR (GAR); Ety/ƷAR|GAR; EtyAC/GAR (GAR); EtyAC/GAR (GAR)

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√GAR > gar-

[gar-]

✧ Ety/GAR

G. fâ- v. “to have, hold, possess”

See N. gar- for discussion.

References ✧ GL/33, 35

Glosses

“have, hold, possess” ✧ GL/33 (fâ-)

Variations

fâ- ✧ GL/33; GL/35

fôtha “same [a hoard]” but may be connected with fâ ✧ GL/35

Inflections

fothi

past

✧ GL/33

G. gôtha- v. “to possess, have, hold” (Category: to Own, Possess)

See N. gar- for discussion.

References ✧ GL/42-43

Glosses

“possess, have, hold” ✧ GL/42

Variations

gôtha- ✧ GL/42
gatha- ✧ GL/42
gâi ✧ GL/43

gai cp. gaig ✧ GL/43
gai same guira- “to possess” ✧ GL/43

Changes

gatha- >> gôtha- “possess, have, hold” ✧ GL/42
gâi >> gai ✧ GL/43

Inflections

gaithi	past	“he had”	✧ GL/43
gui	past		✧ GL/42: pret
gai	present		✧ GL/42: also
gai	present		✧ GL/43

Element In

G. guig “piece of property” ✧ GL/43
G. guin² “own, held, possessed” ✧ GL/43

Cognates

ᴱQ. #yaim- “to possess” ✧ GL/43 (yaima)

Derivations

< #ᴱ√YAYA “*steel, possession” ✧ GL/43 (#yai)
< ᴱ✶ı̯otta ✧ GL/42; GL/42 (ı̯ōı̯ē); GL/42 (ı̯atta)

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ✶ı̯otta > gôtha-	[jotta-] > [gotta-] > [goθθa-] > [goθa-] !!! [gōθa-]	✧ GL/42
ᴱ✶ı̯ōı̯ē > gui	[jōiē] > [goiē] > [goi] > [gui]	✧ GL/42

G. guira- v. “to possess” (Category: to Own, Possess)

See N. gar- for discussion.

References ✧ GL/43

Glosses

“to possess” ✧ GL/43

Variations

guira- ✧ GL/43
gaira- ✧ GL/43

gai same guira- “to possess” ✧ GL/43

Changes

gaira- >> guira- “to possess” ✧ GL/43

Cognates

ᴱQ. #yaim- “to possess” ✧ GL/43 (yaime)