ᴹAQ. initial [s] unvoiced following continuant; [sm-|sn-|sr-|sl-|sj-|sw-] > [m̥-|n̥-|r̥-|l̥-|j̊-|w̥-]
References ✧ PE19/37; PE22/11
Phonetic Rule Elements
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✧ PE19/38 (sm > m; initial) |
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✧ PE19/38 (sn > n; initial) |
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✧ PE19/38 (sr > hr; initial) |
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✧ PE19/38 (sl > hl; initial) |
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✧ PE19/38 (sy > hy; initial) |
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✧ PE19/38 (sw > hw; initial) |
Phonetic Rule Examples
| sjad- > j̊ad- | sj- > j̊- | ᴹ√SYAD > ᴹQ. hyar- | ✧ PE19/45 |
| sjade > j̊ade | sj- > j̊- | ᴹ√SYAD > ᴹQ. hyare | ✧ PE22/102 |
| sjadin > j̊adin | sj- > j̊- | ᴹ√SYAD > ᴹQ. hyarin | ✧ Ety/SYAD |
| sjadnā > j̊adnā | sj- > j̊- | ᴹ✶syadnā > ᴹQ. hyanna | ✧ PE19/45 |
| sjalmā > j̊almā | sj- > j̊- | ᴹ✶syalmā > ᴹQ. hyalma | ✧ Ety/SYAL |
| sjandā > j̊andā | sj- > j̊- | ᴹ✶sya-n-dā > ᴹQ. hyanda | ✧ PE18/51 |
| sjandō > j̊andō | sj- > j̊- | ᴹ✶syandō > ᴹQ. #hyando | ✧ Ety/SYAD |
| sjatsē > j̊atsē | sj- > j̊- | ᴹ✶syadsē > syatsē > ᴹQ. hyatse | ✧ Ety/SYAD |
| slaiwā > l̥aiwā | sl- > l̥- | ᴹ✶slaiwā > ᴹQ. laiwa | ✧ Ety/SLIW |
| sligā > l̥igā | sl- > l̥- | ᴹ✶ligā > ᴹQ. lia | ✧ Ety/SLIG |
| sligante > l̥igante | sl- > l̥- | ᴹ√SLIG > ᴹQ. liante | ✧ Ety/SLIG |
| slignē > l̥ignē | sl- > l̥- | ᴹ✶slignē > ᴹQ. líne | ✧ Ety/SLIG |
| slik- > l̥ik- | sl- > l̥- | ᴹ√SLIK > ᴹQ. hlike | ✧ PE22/113 |
| slinda > l̥inda | sl- > l̥- | ᴹ√SLIN > ᴹQ. linda | ✧ Ety/SLIN |
| slinte > l̥inte | sl- > l̥- | ᴹ√SLIT > ᴹQ. lhinte | ✧ PE22/127 |
| slīwē > l̥īwē | sl- > l̥- | ᴹ✶slīwē > ᴹQ. líve | ✧ Ety/SLIW |
| slōmē > l̥ōmē | sl- > l̥- | ᴹ✶slōmē > ᴹQ. lōme | ✧ PE21/32 |
| slussa- > l̥ussa- | sl- > l̥- | ᴹ√SLUS > ᴹQ. lussa- | ✧ Ety/SLUS |
| slusse > l̥usse | sl- > l̥- | ᴹ√SLUS > ᴹQ. lusse | ✧ Ety/SLUS |
| smaldā > m̥aldā | sm- > m̥- | ᴹ✶smaldā > ᴹQ. malda | ✧ Ety/SMAL |
| malinā > m̥alina | sm- > m̥- | ᴹ✶smalinā > ᴹQ. malina | ✧ Ety/SMAL |
| smalo > m̥alo | sm- > m̥- | ᴹ✶smalu > ᴹQ. malo | ✧ Ety/SMAL |
| smaltā > m̥altā | sm- > m̥- | ᴹ✶smaltā > ᴹQ. malta | ✧ EtyAC/SMAL |
| smalwā > m̥alwā | sm- > m̥- | ᴹ✶smalwā > ᴹQ. malwa | ✧ Ety/SMAL |
| snarda > n̥arda | sn- > n̥- | ᴹ√SNAR > ᴹQ. narda | ✧ Ety/SNAR |
| snasta > n̥asta | sn- > n̥- | ᴹ√SNAT > ᴹQ. nasta | ✧ Ety/SNAS |
| sneuma > n̥euma | sn- > n̥- | ᴹ√SNEW > ᴹQ. neuma | ✧ Ety/SNEW |
| swand > w̥and | sw- > w̥- | ᴹ✶swanda > ᴹQ. hwan | ✧ Ety/SWAD |
| swesta > w̥esta | sw- > w̥- | ᴹ√SWES > ᴹQ. hwesta | ✧ Ety/SWES |
| swesta- > w̥esta- | sw- > w̥- | ᴹ✶swesta- > ᴹQ. hwesta- | ✧ Ety/SWES |
| swinde > w̥inde | sw- > w̥- | ᴹ√SWIN > ᴹQ. hwinde | ✧ Ety/SWIN |
| swinja- > w̥inja- | sw- > w̥- | ᴹ√SWIN > ᴹQ. hwinya- | ✧ Ety/SWIN |
ᴱQ. initial [s] vanished before liquids and nasals; [s{lrmnŋ}-] > [{lrmnŋ}-]
Phonetic Rule Elements
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Phonetic Rule Examples
| sleiwa > leiwa | sl- > l- | ᴱ✶sleiwa > ᴱQ. laiwa | ✧ PE13/149 |
| smaika > maika | sm- > m- | ᴱ✶smaika- > ᴱQ. maika | ✧ GL/33 |
ᴱQ. initial [sw] and [sβ] became [f], [sj] became [j̊]; [s{wβ}-|sj-] > [f-|j̊-]
References ✧ PE12/18-19, 26
Order ()
| After | 00900 | initial [θʲ] became [sj] | ||
| After | 01100 | [θ] became [s] |
Phonetic Rule Elements
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✧ PE12/26 (sẇ > hw > f) |
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✧ PE12/19 (su̯, sw̑, sƀ > f) |
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✧ PE12/19 (sı̯, sẏ > hy); PE12/26 (sẏ > hy) |
Phonetic Rule Examples
| sjā > j̊ā | sj- > j̊- | ᴱ√HYA > ᴱQ. hyá | ✧ QL/41 |
| sja > j̊a | sj- > j̊- | ᴱ√HYA > ᴱQ. hya | ✧ QL/41 |
| sja > j̊a | sj- > j̊- | ᴱ√HYA > ᴱQ. hya | ✧ QL/41 |
| sjanda > j̊anda | sj- > j̊- | ᴱ√HYAŘA > ᴱQ. hyanda | ✧ QL/41 |
| sjanda- > j̊anda- | sj- > j̊- | ᴱ√χ̑ṇđ > ᴱQ. hyanda- | ✧ GL/48 |
| sjapa > j̊apa | sj- > j̊- | ᴱ√saẏap- > ᴱQ. hyapa | ✧ PE12/26 |
| sjarm > j̊arm | sj- > j̊- | ᴱ√HYAŘA > ᴱQ. hyar | ✧ QL/41 |
| swada > fada | sw- > f- | ᴱ✶swada > ᴱQ. fara | ✧ PE13/146 |
| swand > fand | sw- > f- | ᴱ✶swandǝ > ᴱQ. fan | ✧ PE12/26 |
| swiond > fiond | sw- > f- | ᴱ✶þẉ-iı̯on-d > ᴱQ. fion | ✧ QL/87 |
ᴱQ. medial [sj] became [j̊]; [sj] > [j̊]
Phonetic Rule Elements
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Phonetic Rule Examples
| pisje > pij̊e | sj > j̊ | ᴱ✶pisye > ᴱQ. pihye | ✧ PE13/147 |