S. [g]

S. [g]

References ✧ LotR/1113; PE17/41, 60, 169; PE18/105; PE22/149; RGEO/63

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development

S. [no change] g < g ✧ PE18/105 (g > g)
✶[ŋŋ], [ŋɣ] became [ŋg] ŋg < ŋŋ ✧ PE22/149 (ŋŋ > ŋg)
S. initial nasals vanished before stops g- < ŋg- ✧ PE17/60 (ñg > g-); PE17/169 (ŋ > ʒ > g); PE18/105 (ñg > g)
S. initial [w] became [gw] gw- < w- ✧ PE17/41 (w- > gw); PE18/105 (w > gw, w)
OS. [j] was lost after initial velars g- < gj- ✧ PE18/105 (gy > g)
OS. [j] was lost after initial velars ŋg < ŋgj ✧ PE18/105 (ñgy > g)

N. [g]

References ✧ PE19/18-21, 23

Inflections

gh, - soft-mutation; g-mutation ✧ PE19/18; PE19/18
l- soft-mutation; g-mutation ✧ PE19/21
ng soft-mutation; ng-mutation ✧ PE19/20; PE19/20
r- soft-mutation; g-mutation ✧ PE19/21
w soft-mutation; gw-mutation ✧ PE19/19; PE19/19

Element In

Phonetic Development

N. [no change] g < g ✧ PE19/18 (g- > g-); PE19/18 (g- > g-); PE19/21 (gr- > gr-); PE19/21 (gl- > gl-)
N. initial nasals vanished before stops g- < ŋg- ✧ PE19/20 ([ŋ]g- > g-); PE19/20 (ŋg- > g-)
N. initial [w] became [gw] gw- < w- ✧ PE19/19 (w- > gw-); PE19/19 (w- > gw-)
N. medial [j] became [i] CiV < CjV ✧ PE19/23 (-kj- > -gi-)
N. voiceless stops voiced after vowels Vg < Vk ✧ PE19/23 (-k- > -g-)
N. [tl], [dl] became [kl], [gl] gl < dl ✧ PE19/21 (dl- > gl-; dial)

ᴱN. [g]

References ✧ PE13/120

Variations

Inflections

ng nasal-mutation; g-mutation ✧ PE13/120
ng nasal-mutation; ng-mutation ✧ PE13/120
ngw nasal-mutation; gw-mutation ✧ PE13/120
ngw nasal-mutation; ng-mutation ✧ PE13/120
- soft-mutation; g-mutation ✧ PE13/120
ng soft-mutation; ng-mutation ✧ PE13/120
ngw soft-mutation; ng-mutation ✧ PE13/120
w soft-mutation; gw-mutation ✧ PE13/120
g stop-mutation; g-mutation ✧ PE13/120
g stop-mutation; ng-mutation ✧ PE13/120
gw stop-mutation; gw-mutation ✧ PE13/120
gw stop-mutation; ng-mutation ✧ PE13/120

G. [g]

References ✧ GG/7; PE15/12

Variations

Inflections

·w soft-mutation; gw-mutation ✧ GG/7
·’ soft-mutation; g-mutation ✧ GG/7
·’l soft-mutation; g-mutation ✧ GG/7
·’r soft-mutation; g-mutation ✧ GG/7

Element In