ᴱN. past grammar.

⚠️ᴱN. past grammar.

Examples (past)
adagath ← adag- ✧ PE13/132
edainc ← adag- ✧ PE13/136
edainc “he built” ← adob (infinitive) ✧ PE13/165
meriaint ← meriad (infinitive) ✧ PE13/150
agor ← cara ✧ PE13/161
cranthi [← #car-] ✧ PE13/128
carn [← #car-] ✧ PE13/128
crantha [← #car-] ✧ PE13/128
cranthi [← #car-] ✧ PE13/128
cyrenaint ← curenni (infinitive) ✧ PE13/141
agyraint ← curenni (infinitive) ✧ PE13/141
crennaint ← crenni (infinitive) ✧ PE13/161
agraint ← crenni (infinitive) ✧ PE13/161
cribaint ← crib- ✧ PE13/141
†crimp ← crib- ✧ PE13/141
crimmaist ← crimtha ✧ PE13/141
dadnovath ← dadnú (present) ✧ PE13/164
dadnuvath ← dadnú (present) ✧ PE13/164
dannovath ← dadnú (present) ✧ PE13/164
dainc “slew” ← (n)dag- ✧ PE13/141
degaint “he slew” ← dag- ✧ PE14/66
nyvaint ← #nuv- ✧ PE13/151
†ní “set” ← #nuv- ✧ PE13/151
geraint ← Gair ✧ PE13/161
glebaint ← glabod (infinitive) ✧ PE13/162
gúl “he sang” [← #gol-] ✧ PE13/145
†genynt ← go-nod ✧ PE13/145
†goenynt ← genedi (present plural) ✧ PE13/145
goenoedaint ← †genynni (past plural) ✧ PE13/145
genediant ← go-nod ✧ PE13/145
gwardhaf ← gurdh- ✧ PE13/132
guist ← gwaist ✧ PE13/146
gwestiant ← gwaist ✧ PE13/146
gaist ← gist (present) ✧ PE13/144
†heilf ← lhif (present) ✧ PE13/148
†hailf ← lhif (present) ✧ PE13/148
lhimp ← lhif (present) ✧ PE13/148
lhifaint ← lhimp (past) ✧ PE13/148
lhibaint ← lhimp (past) ✧ PE13/149
pisaint ← pis ✧ PE13/152
†lhovath ← †lub- ✧ PE13/132
lhuath ← †lub- ✧ PE13/132
lhofath ← †lub- ✧ PE13/132
lhint ← lhid- ✧ PE13/148
madath ← mad- ✧ PE13/131
madath “was eating” ← mad (present) ✧ PE13/163
†mant “eaten” ← mad ✧ PE13/164
mebaint ← maitha- ✧ PE13/149
maithaf ← maitha- ✧ PE13/163
†pint ← peda (infinitive) ✧ PE13/152
pedaint ← peda (infinitive) ✧ PE13/152
hync ← hug- ✧ PE13/147
haist ← hist (present) ✧ PE13/147
histaint ← hist (present) ✧ PE13/147
hisaint ← hist (present) ✧ PE13/147
rhing ← rhengi (infinitive) ✧ PE13/152
rhaith ← rhengi (infinitive) ✧ PE13/152
rhegint ← rhengi (infinitive) ✧ PE13/152
rheidiain(t) ← rhoid (infinitive) ✧ PE13/152
†sainc ← sag- ✧ PE13/153
segaint ← sag- ✧ PE13/153
tangadath ← tangad- ✧ PE13/131
tengaint ← tangod (infinitive) ✧ PE13/153
aist ← tha- ✧ PE13/153
dengim [← dag-] 1st-pl-exclusive ✧ PE13/130
manthim ← #mad- 1st-pl-exclusive ✧ PE13/127
mainthim ← #mad- 1st-pl-exclusive ✧ PE13/127
manthim [← mad-] 1st-pl-exclusive ✧ PE13/129
glathrathim ← glathra 1st-pl-exclusive ✧ PE13/126
glathrathim [← glathra-] 1st-pl-exclusive ✧ PE13/129
[deng]int [← dag-] 1st-pl-inclusive ✧ PE13/130
manthinc ← #mad- 1st-pl-inclusive ✧ PE13/127
mainthinc ← #mad- 1st-pl-inclusive ✧ PE13/127
[manth]inc [← mad-] 1st-pl-inclusive ✧ PE13/129
glathrathinc ← glathra 1st-pl-inclusive ✧ PE13/126
glathrathinc [← glathra-] 1st-pl-inclusive ✧ PE13/129
dengin [← dag-] 1st-sg ✧ PE13/130
dengion [← dag-] 1st-sg ✧ PE13/130
dechin [← dag-] 1st-sg ✧ PE13/130
dachin [← dag-] 1st-sg ✧ PE13/130
manthin ← #mad- 1st-sg ✧ PE13/127
manthin [← mad-] 1st-sg ✧ PE13/129
glathrathin ← glathra 1st-sg ✧ PE13/126
glathrathin [← glathra-] 1st-sg ✧ PE13/129
[deng]ist [← dag-] 2nd-pl ✧ PE13/130
manthist ← #mad- 2nd-pl ✧ PE13/127
mainthist ← #mad- 2nd-pl ✧ PE13/127
[manth]ist [← mad-] 2nd-pl ✧ PE13/129
glathrathist ← glathra 2nd-pl ✧ PE13/126
glathrathist [← glathra-] 2nd-pl ✧ PE13/129
dengib [← dag-] 2nd-sg ✧ PE13/130
mainth(i)o ← #mad- 2nd-sg ✧ PE13/127
manthib [← mad-] 2nd-sg ✧ PE13/129
glathraitho ← glathra 2nd-sg ✧ PE13/126
glathrathio ← glathra 2nd-sg ✧ PE13/126
glathraithio ← glathra 2nd-sg ✧ PE13/126
glathratho ← glathra 2nd-sg ✧ PE13/126
glathrathib [← glathra-] 2nd-sg ✧ PE13/129
[deng]ir [← dag-] 3rd-pl ✧ PE13/130
[manth]ir ← #mad- 3rd-pl ✧ PE13/127
[manth]ir [← mad-] 3rd-pl ✧ PE13/129
glathrathir ← glathra 3rd-pl ✧ PE13/126
glathrathir [← glathra-] 3rd-pl ✧ PE13/129
glathrathin [← glathra-] 3rd-pl ✧ PE13/129
manthin ← #mad- 3rd-pl-neut ✧ PE13/127
mainthin ← #mad- 3rd-pl-neut ✧ PE13/127
glathrathin ← glathra 3rd-pl-neut ✧ PE13/126
dainc [← dag-] 3rd-sg ✧ PE13/130
ding [← dag-] 3rd-sg ✧ PE13/130
maint ← #mad- 3rd-sg ✧ PE13/127
maint [← mad-] 3rd-sg ✧ PE13/128
maint [← mad-] 3rd-sg ✧ PE13/129
glathraith ← glathra 3rd-sg ✧ PE13/126
glathrath ← glathra 3rd-sg ✧ PE13/126
glathraith [← glathra-] 3rd-sg ✧ PE13/129
dengil [← dag-] active-participle ✧ PE13/130
manthil ← #mad- active-participle ✧ PE13/127
mainthil ← #mad- active-participle ✧ PE13/127
manthil [← mad-] active-participle ✧ PE13/128
manthil [← mad-] active-participle ✧ PE13/129
mainthiol [← mad-] active-participle ✧ PE13/129
†mannel ← mad- active-participle ✧ PE13/131
madannel ← mad- active-participle ✧ PE13/131
mannel “having eaten” ← mad active-participle ✧ PE13/164
glathrathil ← glathra active-participle ✧ PE13/126
glathrathil [← glathra-] active-participle ✧ PE13/129
[glathr]-aithiol [← glathra-] active-participle ✧ PE13/129
†tangannel ← tangad- active-participle ✧ PE13/131
†mennil ← mad- active-participle plural ✧ PE13/131
medennil ← mad- active-participle plural ✧ PE13/131
†mennil ← mad active-participle plural ✧ PE13/164
medennil ← mad active-participle plural ✧ PE13/164
†tengennil ← tangad- active-participle plural ✧ PE13/131
†tengénni ← tangad- active-participle plural ✧ PE13/131
madaint ← mad aorist ✧ PE13/163
†maint ← mad aorist ✧ PE13/163
medennir ← mad aorist plural ✧ PE13/163
madathas ← mad- fem ✧ PE13/131
tangàdathas ← tangad- fem ✧ PE13/131
glathraith ← glathra gerund ✧ PE13/126
manthiad ← #mad- infinitive ✧ PE13/127
mainthiad ← #mad- infinitive ✧ PE13/127
manthiad [← mad-] infinitive ✧ PE13/129
glathraithiad ← glathra infinitive ✧ PE13/126
glathrathiad ← glathra infinitive ✧ PE13/126
glathraithiad [← glathra-] infinitive ✧ PE13/129
agrennig ← crenni (infinitive) masc ✧ PE13/161
madathog ← mad- masc ✧ PE13/131
tangàdathog ← tangad- masc ✧ PE13/131
astig ← tha- masc ✧ PE13/153
manthig [← mad-] passive-participle ✧ PE13/129
mainthiog [← mad-] passive-participle ✧ PE13/129
mant ← mad- passive-participle ✧ PE13/132
madant ← mad- passive-participle ✧ PE13/132
glathraithiog [← glathra-] passive-participle ✧ PE13/129
[glathr]-athig [← glathra-] passive-participle ✧ PE13/129
glathraithor [← glathra-] passive-participle ✧ PE13/129
tangant ← tangad- passive-participle ✧ PE13/131
mennin ← mad- passive-participle plural ✧ PE13/132
medennin ← mad- passive-participle plural ✧ PE13/132
tengennin ← tangad- passive-participle plural ✧ PE13/131
argenaid “searched over” [← #argen-] plural ✧ MC/217
agori ← cara plural ✧ PE13/161
egerni ← cara plural ✧ PE13/161
crimmi ← †crimp (past) plural ✧ PE13/141
dadnyvaith ← dadnú (present) plural ✧ PE13/164
dadnevaith ← dadnú (present) plural ✧ PE13/164
dadnévethir ← dadnú (present) plural ✧ PE13/164
dadnyvethir ← dadnú (present) plural ✧ PE13/164
dadnyveith ← dadnú (present) plural ✧ PE13/164
†genynni ← go-nod plural ✧ PE13/145
gonedenni ← genediant (past) plural ✧ PE13/145
lhinni ← lhid- plural ✧ PE13/148
medaith ← mad- plural ✧ PE13/131
†medethir ← mad- plural ✧ PE13/131
medaith “were eating” ← mad plural ✧ PE13/163
medethir ← mad plural ✧ PE13/163
magradhaid “smelt” [← #magradh-] plural ✧ MC/217
†pinthi ← peda (infinitive) plural ✧ PE13/152
pedenni ← peda (infinitive) plural ✧ PE13/152
hyngi ← hyngin (plural) plural ✧ PE13/147
rheigin ← rhengi (infinitive) plural ✧ PE13/152
rheidien(n)i ← rheidiain(t) (past) plural ✧ PE13/152
†sengi ← †sainc (past) plural ✧ PE13/153
segenni ← segaint (past) plural ✧ PE13/153
tengèdaith ← tangad- plural ✧ PE13/131
*tengèdethir ← tangad- plural ✧ PE13/131
*tangèdethir ← tangad- plural ✧ PE13/131
medethais ← mad- plural fem ✧ PE13/131
medethais ← mad plural fem ✧ PE13/163
tangèdethais ← tangad- plural fem ✧ PE13/131
adegethig ← adag- plural masc ✧ PE13/132
lhovnedethig ← †lub- plural masc ✧ PE13/132
medethig ← mad- plural masc ✧ PE13/131
medethig ← mad plural masc ✧ PE13/163
tangèdethig ← tangad- plural masc ✧ PE13/131
madathai ← mad- subjective ✧ PE13/131
tangàdathai ← tangad- subjective ✧ PE13/131
tangàdathair ← tangad- subjective plural ✧ PE13/131

G. past-tense grammar.

Examples (past)
banthi- ← Bada- ✧ GL/21
ail ← altha- ✧ PE13/109
awl ← altha- ✧ PE13/109
uil ← altha- ✧ PE13/109
lenthi ← lentha- ✧ GL/53
ôni “pressed” [← antha-] ✧ GG/11
ôni [← antha-] ✧ GG/11
ōni ← antha-¹ ✧ GL/19
bôbi ← bab- ✧ GL/21
bôgi ← bag- ✧ GL/21
barthi ← bartha- ✧ GL/21
bôsi ← bas- ✧ GL/22
bacthi ← bactha- ✧ GL/21
beluthi ← Belu- ✧ GL/22
belwi- ← Belu ✧ GL/22
brôthi ← Brath- ✧ GL/24
braigi- ← Briga (present) ✧ GL/24
camfi ← cab- ✧ GL/24
camphi ← cab- ✧ GL/24
campi ← cab- ✧ GL/24
côli ← caltha- ✧ GL/25
cangathi ← canga- ✧ GL/25
côri ← cartha- ✧ GL/25
cair- ← cartha- ✧ PE13/111
cawr- ← cartha- ✧ PE13/111
côfi ← caf- ✧ GL/24
celwi- ← celu- ✧ GL/25
cilopthi ← ciloba- ✧ GL/26
canthi ← cintha- ✧ GL/26
claibi ← clib- ✧ GL/26
†talpi ← clib- ✧ GL/26
gulthi ← gultha- ✧ GL/43
cauri ← cûr ✧ GL/25
caur ← cur- ✧ GL/28
cauri [← cur-] ✧ GL/28
curthi ← cur- ✧ PE13/112
cŷr- ← cur- ✧ PE13/112
crimpi ← crib- ✧ GL/27
caugi ← Cug- ✧ GL/27
cuithi ← cuitha- ✧ GL/27
cûmi ← cum- ✧ GL/27
cwaivi ← cwiv- ✧ GL/29
dôli ← dala- ✧ GL/29
lantathi ← lantha- ✧ GL/52
donthi ← dod- ✧ GL/30
donti ← dod- ✧ GL/30
dûli ← dol- ✧ GL/30
dorthi ← dortha- ✧ GL/30
dorthani ← dortha- ✧ GL/30
flaigi ← flig- ✧ GL/35
flinchi ← flig- ✧ GL/35
†falci ← flig- ✧ GL/35
draibi ← drib- ✧ GL/30
palti ← palta- ✧ GL/63
paltathi ← palta- ✧ GL/63
drinthi- ← drith- ✧ GL/31
†nardi- ← drith- ✧ GL/31
nûmi “sank” [← num-] ✧ GG/12
nûmi ← num- ✧ GL/61
elmathi ← elma- ✧ GL/32
enthi ← en¹ ✧ GL/32
fanci ← fag- ✧ GL/33
Failthani ← Failtha- ✧ GL/33
fori ← far- ✧ GL/34
fui² ← fau ✧ GL/34
fofi ← faf- ✧ GL/33
felwi ← felu- ✧ GL/34
faugi ← fug- ✧ GL/36
fauri ← fur- ✧ GL/36
gôli ← gal- ✧ GL/37
fothi ← fâ- ✧ GL/33
gui ← gôtha- ✧ GL/42
gaithi “he had” ← gai (present) ✧ GL/43
garthi ← gartha- ✧ GL/38
garthi ← gartha- ✧ GL/42
gamphi ← gab- ✧ GL/36
gampi ← gab- ✧ GL/36
gaili ← gil- ✧ GL/38
lairi ← lir- ✧ GL/54
grôthi ← gratha- ✧ GL/42
grathi ← gratha- ✧ GL/42
graithi ← grith- ✧ GL/42
graidhi ← grith- ✧ GL/42
gaudhi ← gudh- ✧ GL/42
gûmi ← gum- ✧ GL/43
gaumi ← gum- ✧ GL/43
gwarathi ← gwara- ✧ GL/43
gwanni ← gwadh- ✧ GL/46
gwandi ← gwadh- ✧ GL/46
g(w)ôri ← gwar- ✧ GL/46
gwenthi ← gwed-¹ ✧ GL/46
gwîdhi ← gwedh-¹ ✧ GL/46
gwîli ← gwel- ✧ GL/44
gwîri ← gwer- ✧ GL/46
gwail [← gwil-] ✧ GL/23
gwaili ← gwil-¹ ✧ GL/45
gwîli ← gwil-¹ ✧ GL/45
gwanthi ← gwinta- ✧ GL/46
gwairi ← gwir- ✧ GL/46
gwaidhi ← gwidh- ✧ GL/46
†gwinni ← gwidh- ✧ GL/46
gwirthi ← gwirtha ✧ GL/46
gwais ← gwista ✧ GL/46
hanthi ← hada ✧ GL/48
hanti- [← hada-] ✧ GL/48
hôgi ← hag- ✧ GL/47
hodhi ← hadha- ✧ GL/47
†hanni ← hadha- ✧ GL/47
haithi ← haitha- ✧ GL/47
hui ← haw- ✧ GL/48
hauthi ← haw- ✧ GL/48
hemfi ← heb- ✧ GL/48
hempi ← heb- ✧ GL/48
hîli ← hel- ✧ GL/48
dôfi ← daf- ✧ GL/29
hûsi ← hosta- ✧ GL/49
gômi ← gama- ✧ GL/37
galti- ← ilt- ✧ GL/37
galti ← ilt- ✧ GL/50
ilti ← ilt- ✧ GL/50
iltathi ← ilt- ✧ GL/50
gôdi ← gada- ✧ GL/36
†ganthi ← gada- ✧ GL/36
gôvi ← gav- ✧ GL/38
iltathi ← ilta- ✧ GL/51
ganthi ← intha-¹ ✧ GL/51
ganti ← int- ✧ GL/51
aini- ← intha² ✧ GL/18
aini ← intha-² ✧ GL/51
airi ← îr- ✧ GL/51
irthi ← îr- ✧ GL/51
aisi ← ista- ✧ GL/52
sôni ← sana- ✧ GL/67
santhi ← sana- ✧ GL/67
lenwi ← lenu- ✧ GL/53
lenwi(r) ← ‽lenu ✧ GL/53
lôgi ← lag- ✧ GL/52
canghathi ← canca- ✧ GL/24
cancathi ← canca- ✧ GL/24
cachui ← cacha- ✧ GL/24
côgi ← cacha- ✧ GL/24
longi ← lang- ✧ GL/52
lôsi ← las- ✧ GL/53
lôvi ← lav- ✧ GL/53
lempi ← leb- ✧ GL/53
laini ← lin- ✧ GL/54
linthi ← lin- ✧ GL/54
thlaibi ← thlib- ✧ GL/73
thlaibi- ← thlib- ✧ GL/73
gaimi ← gima- ✧ GL/38
thlinti ← thlid- ✧ GL/73
salti “†” ← thlid- ✧ GL/73
naigi ← nig ✧ GL/60
linthi ← lintha- ✧ GL/54
linthani ← lintha- ✧ GL/54
laithi ← lith- ✧ GL/54
linthi ← lith- ✧ GL/54
limpi ← lib- ✧ GL/54
lompi ← lob ✧ GL/54
lonthi ← loda ✧ GL/54
lonti ← lod- ✧ GL/54
lunti ← lud ✧ GL/55
lonci ← log- ✧ GL/54
hōli ← hala- ✧ GL/47
côvi ← cav- ✧ GL/25
côvi ← cav- ✧ GL/25
lûri ← lor- ✧ GL/54
lauri ← lur- ✧ GL/55
lûvi ← luv- ✧ GL/55
manti ← mad- ✧ GL/56
macthi ← mactha- ✧ GL/55
môvi ← mav- ✧ GL/57
mîli ← mel- ✧ GL/57
mauli ← mul- ✧ GL/58
mûmi ← mum ✧ GL/58
murthi ← murtha- ✧ GL/58
mûthi ← mútha- ✧ GL/58
thi ← na-¹ ✧ GL/58
nôbi ← nab- ✧ GG/11
nôbi ← nab- ✧ GL/59
môli ← mal- ✧ GL/56
nôfi ← naf- ✧ GL/59
nôgi ← nag ✧ GL/59
nanci ← nag ✧ GL/59
gwîsi ← gwes- ✧ GL/46
tanthi ← tath- ✧ GL/69
tôth(i) ← tath- ✧ GL/69
nelwi ← ‽nelu ✧ GL/60
nicthi ← nictha ✧ GL/60
nûri ← nor- ✧ GL/61
nûfi ← nuf- ✧ GL/61
nausi ← nus- ✧ GL/61
nauri ← nur- ✧ GL/61
onti ← odra ✧ GL/62
ûgi ← og- ✧ GL/62
ûli ← ol- ✧ GL/62
olthi ← ol- ✧ GL/62
gauli ← gul- ✧ GL/43
auri ← urna- ✧ GL/75
pôthi ← pâ- ✧ GL/63
pâthi ← pâ- ✧ GL/63
cwôsi ← cwas- ✧ GL/28
cwanthi ← cwas- ✧ GL/28
cwasti ← cwas- ✧ GL/28
cwanthi ← cwintha- ✧ GL/28
cwintathi ← cwinta ✧ GL/28
cwanti ← cwinta ✧ GL/28
côm ← cwanca ✧ GL/28
cwenthi ← cwed- ✧ GL/28
cwenti ← cwed- ✧ GL/28
cwenthi ← cwed- ✧ LT2A/Tôn a Gwedrin
cwîli ← cwel- ✧ GL/28
pelwi ← pelu- ✧ GL/64
cwairi ← cwir- ✧ GL/29
rôgi ← rag- ✧ GL/64
rôthi ← rôtha- ✧ GL/66
rôsi ← ras- ✧ GL/65
grenthi ← gretha- ✧ GL/42
renti- ← reth- ✧ GL/65
raigi ← rig- ✧ GL/65
raini ← rin- ✧ GL/65
rûthi ← rô- ✧ GL/66
rôthi ← rô- ✧ GL/66
raufi ← ruf ✧ GL/66
rûfi ← ruf ✧ GL/66
rôvi ← rautha- ✧ GL/65
rûthani ← rûtha ✧ GL/66
†sôbi ← saptha- ✧ GL/67
sapthani ← saptha- ✧ GL/67
sôdi ← sad- ✧ GL/66
sacthi ← sactha- ✧ GL/66
sômi ← sam- ✧ GL/67
simpi ← sibra- ✧ GL/67
sôgi ← sog- ✧ GL/68
sôthi ← sô- ✧ GL/68
sûvi ← sô- ✧ GL/68
sûthi ← sô- ✧ GL/68
†sûvi ← sû- ✧ GL/68
sûthi ← sû- ✧ GL/68
tôbi ← tab- ✧ GL/68
tanci ← tag- ✧ GL/68
santhani ← santha- ✧ GL/67
temfi ← tefla- ✧ GL/69
temfi- ← tef- ✧ GL/69
telwi ← telu- ✧ GL/70
tîli ← teltha- ✧ GL/70
tîri ← tertha- ✧ GL/70
mugi ← mog- ✧ GL/57
thôri ← thar- ✧ GL/72
thôsi ← thas- ✧ GL/72
thîri ← ther- ✧ GL/72
thai ← thê- ✧ GL/72
thinci ← thig- ✧ GL/72
thaini ← thin- ✧ GL/73
thûli ← thol- ✧ GL/73
gûli ← gol- ✧ GL/41
tanti ← tanta ✧ GL/69
tanti ← tinta- ✧ GL/69
tanti ← tinta- ✧ GL/70
tinti ← tinta- ✧ GL/70
taifi ← tif- ✧ GL/70
tairi ← tir- ✧ GL/71
tirthi ← tir- ✧ GL/71
tûbi ← tub- ✧ GL/71
tauli ← tul- ✧ GL/71
tulthi ← tul- ✧ GL/71
torthi ← tortha- ✧ GL/71
tûvi ← tû- ✧ GL/71
tûvi ← tû ✧ GL/71
tauvi ← tû ✧ GL/71
tunci ← tug- ✧ GL/71
tauri ← tur- ✧ GL/69
turthi ← tur- ✧ GL/69
turthi ← tur- ✧ GL/72
tauri ← tur- ✧ GL/72
tausi- ← tûs- ✧ GL/72
ûthi ← û- ✧ GL/73
unthi ← ug- ✧ GL/74
uthairi ← uir ✧ GL/51
uvairi ← uir ✧ GL/51
uthairi ← uir- ✧ GL/74
gwirthi ← uir- ✧ GL/74
ausi ← us- ✧ GL/75
ûthin ← ûthi (past) plural ✧ GL/73