Ilk. aspirates became voiceless spirants; [{ptk}ʰ] > [{fθh}]

Ilk. aspirates became voiceless spirants; [{ptk}ʰ] > [{fθh}]

These developments are similar to those of Old Noldorin. This change for initial or medial aspirates is documented in the Comparative Tables (PE19/18, 21), though the medial developments are obscured because later medial voiceless spirants voiced after vowels (PE19/23).

Order (03100)

Before 04800 medial voiceless spirants voiced after vowels ᴹ✶khithwa > Dor. heðu Ety/KHIS

Phonetic Rule Elements

[pʰ] > [f] ✧ PE19/18 (ph- > f-); PE19/21 (phr- > fr-); PE19/21 (phl- > fl-)
[tʰ] > [θ] ✧ PE19/18 (th- > th-); PE19/21 (thr- > thr-); PE19/21 (thl- > thl-)
[kʰ] > [x]

Phonetic Rule Examples

kʰ- > x- kʰ > x ᴹ✶kh- > Ilk. h- ✧ PE19/18
-kʰ- > -x- kʰ > x ᴹ✶-kh- > Ilk. -h- ✧ PE19/23
kʰesto > xesto kʰ > x ᴹ√KHES > Ilk. hest ✧ EtyAC/KHES
kʰetʰwa > xetʰwa kʰ > x ᴹ✶khithwa > Dor. heðu ✧ Ety/KHIS
kʰitʰme > xitʰme kʰ > x ᴹ✶khithme > Dor. hiðum ✧ EtyAC/KHIS
-kʰj- > -xj- kʰ > x ᴹ✶-khj- > Ilk. -ðı̯- ✧ PE19/23
kʰj- > xj- kʰ > x ᴹ✶khj- > Ilk. h- ✧ PE19/18
kʰl- > xl- kʰ > x ᴹ✶khl- > Ilk. lh- ✧ PE19/21
kʰr- > xr- kʰ > x ᴹ✶khr- > Ilk. rh- ✧ PE19/21
kʰrasse > xrasse kʰ > x ᴹ✶khrassē > Dor. rhass ✧ EtyAC/KHARÁS
-kʰw- > -xw- kʰ > x ᴹ✶-khw- > Ilk. -h- ✧ PE19/23
kʰw- > xw- kʰ > x ᴹ✶khw- > Ilk. hw- ✧ PE19/18
brétʰa > bréθa tʰ > θ ᴹ✶b’rethā > Ilk. breth ✧ Ety/BERÉTH
mbottʰo > mboθθo tʰ > θ ᴹ√MBOTH > Dor. moth ✧ Ety/MBOTH
ndanitʰōro > ndaniθōro tʰ > θ ᴹ✶ndani-thārō > Dor. Deniþor ✧ LR/188
ŋgortʰo > ŋgorθo tʰ > θ ᴹ√ÑGÓROTH > Dor. ngorth ✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH
tʰinde > θinde tʰ > θ ᴹ✶thindi > Ilk. thind ✧ Ety/THIN
tʰorne > θorne tʰ > θ ᴹ√THÓRON > Ilk. thorn ✧ Ety/THOR
tʰūrena > θūrena tʰ > θ ᴹ√THUR > Ilk. thúren ✧ Ety/THUR
watʰa > waθa tʰ > θ ᴹ√WATH > Ilk. gwath ✧ Ety/WATH
xetʰwa > xeθwa tʰ > θ ᴹ✶khithwa > Dor. heðu ✧ Ety/KHIS
xitʰme > xiθme tʰ > θ ᴹ✶khithme > Dor. hiðum ✧ EtyAC/KHIS