ᴹ✶[n]

ᴹ✶[n]

References ✧ PE18/30, 54, 59; PE19/19-21, 23, 30, 37-38, 50-52

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴹ✶nasals assimilated to following stops and aspirates nt < ŋt ✧ PE18/54 (ŋt, ŋth, ŋd > nt, nth, nd)
Dan. initial nasals vanished before stops nd- > d- ✧ PE19/20 (nd- > d); PE19/20 (nd- > d)
Ilk. initial [s] was lost before consonants sC- > øC- ✧ PE19/21 (sn- > n-)
Ilk. initial nasals usually vanished before stops nd- > d- ✧ PE19/20 (nd- > d, nd)
ᴹAQ. [ns] became [ss] or [nz] ns > ss ✧ PE19/51 (ns > ss)
ᴹAQ. stops frequently underwent metathesis with nasals and liquids nr > rn ✧ PE19/51 (nr > rn)
ᴹAQ. [nl], [nr] became [ll], [rr] nl > ll ✧ PE19/51 (nl > ll)
ᴹAQ. [n], [m] became [t], [w] after aspirates kʰn > kt ✧ PE19/52 (khn > k + t)
ᴹAQ. [n], [m] became [t], [w] after aspirates tʰn > tt ✧ PE19/50 (th-n > tt)
ᴹAQ. nasals became voiceless stops before aspirates ntʰ > ttʰ ✧ PE19/50 (nth > tt)
ᴹAQ. [ln] became [ld] ln > ld ✧ PE19/51 (ln > ld); PE19/51 (lny > ldy)
ᴹAQ. initial nasals plus stops reduced to nasals nt- > t- ✧ PE19/37 (nt > t; initial)
ᴹ✶nasals assimilated to following stops and aspirates mk > ŋk ✧ PE19/50 (n-k > ñk)
ON. initial [s] unvoiced following [m], [n], [j], [w] sn- > n̥- ✧ PE19/21 (sn- > n-)

ᴱ✶[n]

References ✧ PE12/15; PE14/63

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴱ✶[nd]

Reference ✧ PE12/15 ✧ nd

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴱQ. initial nasalized stops became nasals nd- > n- ✧ PE12/16 (nd > d)
ᴱT. initial nasalized voiced stops became nasals nd- > n- ✧ PE12/16 (nd > n)

ᴱ✶[ndʲ] ‹ndy›

Reference ✧ PE12/15 ✧ ñj

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴱQ. initial nasalized stops became nasals ndʲ- > nʲ- ✧ PE12/16 (ñj > dı̯)
ᴱT. initial nasalized voiced stops became nasals ndʲ- > nʲ- ✧ PE12/16 (ñj > nı̯)

ᴱ✶[nʲ] ‹ny, ñ›

References ✧ PE12/15

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development