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S. caras n. “city, fort or dwelling surrounded by bulwarks, circular earthwall with dike” (Category: Town, City)

S. caras, n. “city, [N.] city (built above ground); [S.] (orig.) fort or dwelling surrounded by bulwarks, circular earthwall with dike” (Category: Town, City)

An element in the name Caras Galadhon “City of the Trees” (LotR/353, 355), adapted from Silvan Elvish: Caras Galadon (PE17/60). Tolkien said the proper meaning of this word was “a built fort or dwelling surrounded by bulwarks” (PE17/84) or a “circular earthwall with dike” (RC/311), derived from the root √CAR “make, build” (PE17/84). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. caras was glossed “a city (built above ground)” under the root ᴹ√KAR “make, do” (Ety/KAR).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use this word principally in the sense “city”, and would assume its meaning “earthwall, bulwark” was archaic.

References ✧ PE17/60, 84; RC/311

Glosses

Element In

Cognates

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

CAR > Caras [karasse] > [karass] > [karas] ✧ PE17/84

N. caras n. “a city (built above ground)” (Category: Town, City)

See S. caras for discussion.

Reference ✧ Ety/KAR ✧ “a city (built above ground)”

Element In

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√KAR > caras [karassa] > [karass] > [karas] ✧ Ety/KAR