Eldamo : Quenya : sa¹

Q. sa¹ pron. and conj. “it (inanimate); that” (Category: Pronoun)

Q. sa¹, pron. and conj. “it (inanimate); that” (Category: Pronoun)

@@@ in Qenya living things as trees etc. are never regarded as neuter (PE14/44) Note that most vegetable objects (esp. trees) are rarely classed as neuter or “inanimate” in Qenya - while all things may in nonce-use be personified (PE14/73)

References ✧ MS/1; PE16/96; PE22/156; VT49/20, 30, 32, 34, 37, 51

Glosses

“inanimate, it” ✧ VT49/37
“it” ✧ PE22/156; VT49/30
“S[ingular] 3 neuter” ✧ VT49/51 (sá)
“that” ✧ MS/1; VT49/20; VT49/34

Variations

sa ✧ MS/1; PE16/96; PE22/156; VT49/20; VT49/30; VT49/32; VT49/32; VT49/34; VT49/37
sá ✧ VT49/51

sa “inanimate, it” as opposed to se “animate, he, she, it” ✧ VT49/37

Element In

Q. insa “itself”
Q. san “*then, so, thus”
Q. sanomë “there”
Q. ecë nin care sa “I can do that” ✧ VT49/20
Q. ecuva nin carë sa nöa “I ‘may’ do that tomorrow, I have a chance of doing that [tomorrow]” ✧ VT49/20
Q. merin sa haryalyë alassë nó vanyalyë Ambarello “I hope that you have happiness before you pass from the world” ✧ MS/1
Q. sana “that (previously mentioned)” ✧ PE16/97
Q. tultauvas sa nin “he will send it to me” ✧ PE22/156

Derivations

< ✶sa “3 sg. neuter [it], the thing, impersonal; this by me, [ᴱ√] demonstrative”

ᴹQ. sa¹ pron. “it (abstract object), that” (Category: Pronoun)

References ✧ PE22/119; PE23/80, 85-86, 88-89, 92-93, 96, 98, 101-102, 104, 111-112

Glosses

“(of the fact) that” ✧ PE23/98
“[abstract] obj.” ✧ PE23/80 (sá)
“[of things and persons] are the ordinary pronouns of the third person ... are not used with reference to persons or to nouns, but are reserved for reference to sentences, to facts, ideas, statements already mentioned or understood” ✧ PE23/98
“[of time] refers only to a time already in mind or under discussion” ✧ PE23/96
“abstract objective” ✧ PE23/85
“demonstrative (objective)” ✧ PE23/104 (sā̆)
“it” ✧ PE23/88; PE23/92; PE23/93; PE23/89 (sa)
“refers to abstractions of the mind, thoughts, things grasped as facts or acts or notions” ✧ PE23/92
“refers to the same thing or person already mentioned or in thought” ✧ PE23/102 (sa-)
“that” ✧ PE22/119; PE23/104; PE23/104 (sá)

Variations

sa ✧ PE22/119; PE23/85; PE23/88; PE23/89; PE23/92; PE23/92; PE23/93; PE23/96; PE23/96; PE23/98; PE23/98; PE23/104; PE23/89 (sa); PE23/101 (sa); PE23/102 (sa-); PE23/86 (sa)
sá ✧ PE23/80; PE23/104
să ✧ PE23/86
ra/za ✧ PE23/86
son ✧ PE23/104
sā̆ ✧ PE23/104

ha the subjective form of objective sa “that” ✧ PE22/119
ha “the fact that” subjective form [of] sa “[of things and persons] are the ordinary pronouns of the third person ... are not used with reference to persons or to nouns, but are reserved for reference to sentences, to facts, ideas, statements already mentioned or understood” ✧ PE23/98
ī̆ “relative” is less definite than sa “[of time] refers only to a time already in mind or under discussion” ✧ PE23/97

Changes

sa >> ra/za ✧ PE23/86
son >> sō “of that which was already mentioned” ✧ PE23/104

Inflections

sallo	ablative	“*thence (previously mentioned)”	✧ PE23/112
sanna	allative	“*thither (previously mentioned)”	✧ PE23/112
sán	dative	“[abstract] obj.”	✧ PE23/80
sō	genitive	“[abstract] obj.”	✧ PE23/80
sō	genitive	“of that which was already mentioned”	✧ PE23/104
sánen	instrumental	“[abstract] obj.”	✧ PE23/80
sainen	instrumental plural	“*by that (mentioned) means”	✧ PE23/111
sasse	locative	“*there (previously mentioned)”	✧ PE23/111
sandon	similative	“*like that (mentioned)”	✧ PE23/111

Element In

ᴹQ. sal(de) “*in that (mentioned) way”
ᴹQ. sallume “at that [mentioned] time” ✧ PE23/96
ᴹQ. sámen “*aiming for that (previously mentioned)”
ᴹQ. san “*then” ✧ PE23/96
ᴹQ. san(an) “then, at that time mentioned, at that same time”
ᴹQ. san(an)de “to the very degree”
ᴹQ. sanar “*on that (mentioned) day”
ᴹQ. sanaryas “*on that (mentioned) day”
ᴹQ. sane “that (anaphoric)”
ᴹQ. sanima “such, *of that sort (previously mentioned)”
ᴹQ. sanome(s) “*in that place (previously mentioned)”
ᴹQ. saro “therefore, for that reason named, and so”
ᴹQ. sasse “*there (previously mentioned)” ✧ PE23/111
ᴹQ. satwe “the same one (of two), the one (of two) mentioned”
ᴹQ. má le·qente? sa ela kenyuvas “[what did you say?] that he will not see it” ✧ PE23/104
ᴹQ. mana só “*what of that (would ask for a fresh opinion rather than a choice among those already expressed)” ✧ PE23/104
ᴹQ. me·láner fasta sa yára Túro “we were not pleased [that old Túro...]” ✧ PE22/119
ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·tule “I said he is coming, I said (that) he was coming” ✧ PE22/119
ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·tulle “I said he came, I stated that (at some time previous to my speaking) he came (but was no longer present)” ✧ PE22/119
ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·utúlie “I said he had come” ✧ PE22/119
ᴹQ. ni qete (sa) e·tule “I say (that) he is coming” ✧ PE22/119
ᴹQ. sa e sauten “(of the fact) that he disliked me (sc. I was aware)” ✧ PE23/98
ᴹQ. sainen “*by that (mentioned) means” ✧ PE23/111
ᴹQ. sá las “(introduce[s] a remarkable or incredible statement or reason)” ✧ PE23/104
ᴹQ. sallo “*thence (previously mentioned)” ✧ PE23/112
ᴹQ. sana “that (previously mentioned)” ✧ PE23/86 (săna); PE23/101 (săna); PE23/102 (sana-)
ᴹQ. sandon “*like that (mentioned)” ✧ PE23/111
ᴹQ. saniminye “I think so, it seems to me so” ✧ PE23/92
ᴹQ. sanna “*thither (previously mentioned)” ✧ PE23/112

Derivations

< ᴹ√SA ✧ PE23/96
< ᴹ✶sa¹ “demonstrative” ✧ PE23/89

ᴱQ. sa pron. “that (there)” (Category: Pronoun)

References ✧ PE14/54-55, 59

Glosses

“that (there)” ✧ PE14/54

Variations

sa ✧ PE14/54
ta ✧ PE14/54
(es)sa ✧ PE14/59

Changes

sasta >> santa ✧ PE14/55

Inflections

sallo	ablative	✧ PE14/55
santa	allative	✧ PE14/55
sasta	allative	✧ PE14/55
sasse	locative	✧ PE14/55

Element In

ᴱQ. enta “that there (emphatic)” ✧ PE14/55
ᴱQ. i·liante sa “that vine” ✧ PE14/55
ᴱQ. san¹ “then, at that time” ✧ PE14/55
ᴱQ. sanda “that” ✧ PE14/55
ᴱQ. santo “that” ✧ PE14/55

Derivations

< ᴱ√SA “demonstrative”