S. barad n. “tower, great towering building” (Category: Tower)

S. barad, n. “tower, great towering building, [N.] fort, fortress” (Category: Tower)

G. est(i)rin “pinnacle, tower”

References ✧ LotR/1097; NM/228; PE17/22, 65-66, 85; RC/274; SA/barad

Glosses

• “a great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower” ✧ PE17/22; PE17/85
• “tower” ✧ NM/228; PE17/65; PE17/66; RC/274; SA/barad

Variations

• barad ✧ NM/228; PE17/22; PE17/65; PE17/66; PE17/85; RC/274; SA/barad

Related

• Q. taras “a great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower” ✧ PE17/22
• Q. tarminas “a great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower” ✧ PE17/22

Inflections

Beraid	plural	“tower[s]”	✧ LotR/1097
Beraid	plural		✧ SA/barad

Element In

• S. Barad-dûr “Dark Tower” ✧ PE17/22; PE17/85; RC/274; SA/barad
• S. Barad Eithel “Tower of the Well” ✧ SA/barad
• S. Barad Nimras “White Horn Tower” ✧ SA/barad
• S. Emyn Beraid “Tower Hills” ✧ LotR/1097; SA/barad
• S. Gilbarad
• S. Halbarad

Cognates

• Q. marto “tower” ✧ NM/228 (*marto); PE17/66

Derivations

• < √BARAT “lofty, high, height combined with strength/size/majesty” ✧ PE17/22; PE17/65; PE17/66 (BAR-AT)
  • < #√BAR
• < √M(B)ARAT “doom, fate” ✧ NM/228 (ṃbarat)
  • < √MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision”

Phonetic Developments

√BARAT > barad	[barata] > [barat] > [barad]	✧ PE17/22
√BARAT > barad	[barata] > [barat] > [barad]	✧ PE17/65
√BAR-AT > barad	[barata] > [barat] > [barad]	✧ PE17/66

N. barad¹ n. “fort, tower, fortress” (Category: Tower)

References ✧ Ety/BARAT; EtyAC/BARAT; WR/326, 340

Glosses

• “fort, tower, fortress” ✧ Ety/BARAT

Variations

• barad ✧ Ety/BARAT

Changes

• barad “tower, fortress” »» barad “fort, tower, fortress” ✧ EtyAC/BARAT

Inflections

Bered	plural		✧ WR/340
Varad	soft-mutation; b-mutation	“defended”	✧ WR/326

Element In

• N. Barad Amroth “Castle Amroth”
• N. Barad-dûr “Dark Tower”
• N. Bered Ondrath “*Towers of the Stone Road” ✧ WR/340
• N. Tol Varad “Defended Isle” ✧ WR/326

Derivations

• < ᴹ√BARAT “*tower” ✧ Ety/BARAT
  • < ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√BARAT > barad

[barata] > [barat] > [barad]

✧ Ety/BARAT