Eldamo : Sindarin : ed¹

S. ed¹ prep. and pref. “out, out of” (Category: Out, Outside)

S. ed¹, prep. and pref. “out, out of, [N.] forth” (Category: Out, Outside): G. uf¹ “out of, forth, from”

The basic Sindarin word for “out”. In The Etymologies of the 1930s it appeared in prefixal form N. ed- under the root ᴹ√ET “forth, out” (Ety/ET). In the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60, Tolkien said ed “out, out of” was a derivative of primitive ✶et (WJ/367), with hints that this preposition cause stop mutation; see that entry for details.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. {ed “close by” >>} edh “outside, on borders of, near, hard by, beside” with specialized mutations, probably an early version of stop mutation (GL/31). At this early stage it was likely derived from the root ᴱ√ERE [EÐE] “out” (QL/36).

References ✧ PE17/51, 141; WJ/367

Glosses

“out, out of” ✧ WJ/367

Element In

ᴺS. !edanna- “to publish, (lit.) out-give”
ᴺS. !edlothia- “to flower, blossom”
ᴺS. ^edos “just without, close by”
ᴺS. ^edrain “*(outer) border”
ᴺS. !ethol- “to come forth, come out”
S. echad- “to form, make, shape, cut out; (lit.) to shape out”
S. echor “outer circle; encircling”
S. edlon “outsider, stranger” ✧ PE17/141
S. ephed- “to say out”
S. ethir¹ “mouth of a river, (lit.) outflow”
S. #ethir² “spy”
S. edlen(n) “exiled” ✧ PE17/51

Derivations

< ✶et “out (of), forth” ✧ WJ/367
- < √ET “out, forth”

Phonetic Developments

✶et > ed

[et] > [ed]

✧ WJ/367

N. ed- pref. “forth, out” (Category: Out, Outside)

See S. ed¹ for discussion.

References ✧ Ety/ET, ONO, REG; EtyAC/REG

Glosses

“forth, out” ✧ Ety/ET

Element In

N. edonna- “to beget” ✧ Ety/ONO (ed-onna)
N. edraenui “?outside, bordering, outer” ✧ EtyAC/REG (edraenui)
N. edrein “*(outer) border” ✧ Ety/REG

Cognates

ᴹQ. et- “forth, out” ✧ Ety/ET

Derivations

< ᴹ√ET “out, forth” ✧ Ety/ET

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√ET > ed-

[et-] > [ed-]

✧ Ety/ET

G. edh prep. “outside, near borders of, near, hard by, beside” (Category: Out, Outside)

See S. ed¹ for discussion.

References ✧ GL/31-32

Glosses

“outside, near borders of, near, hard by, beside” ✧ GL/31

Variations

edh ✧ GL/31
es ✧ GL/31
eg ✧ GL/31; GL/32

edh “outside, near borders of, near, hard by, beside” [is] properly “outside” but [was] confused with ed ✧ GL/31

Element In

G. Egla “fairy, (lit.) being from outside” ✧ GL/32
G. edhos “just without, close by” ✧ GL/31

Derivations

< ᴱ√EÐE¹ “out”

G. ed prep. “close by” (Category: Near)

See S. ed¹ for discussion.

References ✧ GL/31

Glosses

“close by” ✧ GL/31 (ed)

edh “outside, near borders of, near, hard by, beside” [is] properly “outside” but [was] confused with ed ✧ GL/31

Derivations

< ᴱ√ETE “cling together”