S. echad- v. “to form, make, shape, cut out; (lit.) to shape out” (Category: Form, Shape)
A verb appearing in its past form echant in the phrase im Narvi hain echant “I, Narvi, made them” (LotR/305). In notes on this phrase Tolkien said the literal meaning was “shaped-out”, and the verb stem was echad- derived from ✶et-kat- “out-shape, form” (PE17/42). In drafts of these notes the past form was glossed “cut out, shaped”. The Etymologies of the 1930s had the [Noldorin] infinitive form echedi “fashion, shape” derived from ᴹ✶et-kat under the root ᴹ√KAT “shape” (Ety/KAT; EtyAC/KAT).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume this verb means “make, fashion” particularly by altering the shape of something, such as by carving wood or molding clay. I further assume that this verb replaces the more basic primitive verb ✶kat- “shape” in Sindarin. However, it is possible that echad- is even more limited in meaning to “shape by taking things out”, and *cad- exists as a more general Sindarin verb for “to shape”.
References ✧ LotR/305; PE17/42; VT47/38
Glosses
Variations
Inflections
| echant | past | “made” | ✧ LotR/305 |
| echant | past | “shaped and made, (lit.) shaped out” | ✧ PE17/42 |
| echant | past | “cut out, shaped” | ✧ PE17/42 |
| edagad | past | ✧ PE17/42 | |
| edagant | past | ✧ PE17/42 | |
| edagant | past | ✧ PE17/42 | |
| echanthel | past 2nd-sg-polite | ✧ VT47/38 |
Elements
| ed¹ | “out, out of” |
| √KAT | “shape” |
Element In
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ✶et-kantē > echant | [etkantē] > [ekkantē] > [ekkante] > [ekkantʰe] > [ekkʰantʰe] > [ekkʰanθe] > [exxanθe] > [exxanθ] > [exxant] > [exant] | ✧ PE17/42 |
| ✶et-kat- > echad- | [etkat-] > [ekkat-] > [ekkʰat-] > [exxat-] > [exxad-] > [exad-] | ✧ PE17/42 |
N. echad- v. “to fashion, shape; make” (Category: to Do, Make)
References ✧ Ety/KAT; EtyAC/KAT; TI/182
Changes
Inflections
| echedi | infinitive | “fashion, shape” | ✧ Ety/KAT |
| echannen | passive-past 1st-sg | ✧ EtyAC/KAT | |
| echant | past | ✧ Ety/KAT | |
| echant | past | “made” | ✧ TI/182 |
Element In
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ᴹ✶et-kat > echedi | [etkat-] > [ekkat-] > [ekkʰat-] > [exxat-] > [exxad-] > [exad-] | ✧ Ety/KAT |