Eldamo : Sindarin : ú-

S. ú- pref. “no, not, negative; impossible”

S. ú-, pref. “no, not, negative; impossible; ⚠️[N.] bad-”

References ✧ LotR/1061; PE17/62, 144-145; PE22/160; UT/313; VT42/33; VT44/28; WJ/369

Glosses

“impossible” ✧ PE22/160; VT42/33
“negative” ✧ WJ/369 (ū)
“no” ✧ LotR/1061
“no, not” ✧ PE17/144
“not” ✧ VT44/28 (#ú)

Variations

ú- ✧ LotR/1061; PE17/144; PE17/144; PE17/144; PE17/145; PE22/160; VT42/33; PE17/144 (#ú-); VT44/28 (#ú)
ū- ✧ PE17/62; PE17/144; PE17/144; WJ/369
U- ✧ UT/313

✶hō did not survive in Sindarin as it would have clashed with ū “negative” ✧ WJ/369
pen- “have not” used for “without” instead of ū- ✧ PE17/144

Inflections

†únen	past 1st-sg	“I did not”	✧ PE17/145
†uin	present 1st-sg	“I do not”	✧ PE17/145

Elements

“no, not”

prefix

✧ PE17/144

Element In

ᴺS. !úgan(n) “gutless, faint-hearted, diffident ”
S. ú-chebin estel anim “I have kept no hope for myself” ✧ LotR/1061
S. Udalraph “Stirrupless” ✧ UT/313
S. úgarol “not now doing or making, idling”
S. †uin gar “I do not make” ✧ PE17/145
S. uluithiad “unquenchable”
S. Úmarth “Ill-fate”
S. #úgarth “trespass, (lit.) *misdeed” ✧ VT44/28 (úgerth)
S. úlan(n) “narrow, (lit.) not broad” ✧ PE17/144 (ú-land)
S. únodui “countless” ✧ PE17/144

Cognates

Q. ú- “no, not, un-, in-; hard, difficult, bad, uneasy; hardly, with difficulty, ‘badly’” ✧ PE17/62 (ū-)

Derivations

< √Ū “denial of fact, privation, negative element” ✧ VT42/33 (û)
< √UG “dislike” ✧ PE22/160

Phonetic Developments

√û > ú

[ū-]

✧ VT42/33

N. ú- pref. “un, bad-”

Reference ✧ EtyAC/UGU ✧ “un, bad-”

Element In

N. ubed “denial”
N. Uvanwaith “Nomenlands”

Cognates

ᴹQ. ú- “not, un-, in-” ✧ Ety/UGU

Derivations

< ᴹ✶gū̆- “no, not” ✧ Ety/UGU (ugu/gū)
- < ᴹ√GŪ “no, not” ✧ Ety/GŪ
- < ᴹ√UMU “negative stems” ✧ Ety/UGU (UGU)
  - < ᴹ√GŪ “no, not” ✧ Ety/UGU; Ety/UGU; Ety/GŪ

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ✶ugu/gū > ú-

[ugu-] > [uɣu-] > [uɣu-] > [ū-]

✧ EtyAC/UGU

ᴱN. or- pref. “privative prefix, without, -less”

References ✧ PE13/155-156

Glosses

“privative prefix, without, -less” ✧ PE13/155 (†ur-)

Variations

or- ✧ PE13/156; PE13/156
†ur- ✧ PE13/155

or- “privative prefix, without, -less” may in its privative sense have become N. ar-¹ “outside, beside; without”

Element In

ᴱN. ornoth “innumerable, without number, countless, numberless” ✧ PE13/155 (ornath)
ᴱN. orann “doorless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. ordarn “gateless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. o(r)dhraust “without work, workless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. orfang “beardless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. orhod “seatless” ✧ PE13/156 (orhaud)
ᴱN. ormar “houseless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. ormast “breadless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. o(r)ngolodh “without gnomes” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. orsarn “stoneless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. orthalos “courageless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. orthanc “unbroken, without break or cleavage, united, continuous; masked” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. orvab “handless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. orvaith¹ “unravished” ✧ PE13/155
ᴱN. orvaith² “garmentless” ✧ PE13/155
ᴱN. orvang “staffless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. orvath “foodless” ✧ PE13/155
ᴱN. orvlann “without deceit” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. orwadh “barkless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. uraithr “swordless” ✧ PE13/155
ᴱN. urbeth “wordless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. u(r)dhrog “without slaves” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. urdhuilin “without swallows” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. urduf “humorless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. urfuin “nightless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. urgeleb “without silver” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. urguil “lifeless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. urhonn “heartless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. u(r)ngúl “without wisdom” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. urnor “landless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. urorod “without chief” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. urrost “never coming to life” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. u(r)vrog “horseless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. urwedhw “without mate” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. urweth “without wife” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. yrith “care-free” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. yrlhinn “arrowless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. yrlhith “dustless” ✧ PE13/156
ᴱN. yrwidhion “without husband” ✧ PE13/156

ᴱN. um- v. “privative prefix; un-, -less, without”

References ✧ PE13/155

Glosses

“privative prefix; un-, -less, without” ✧ PE13/155 (um-)

Changes

um- “privative prefix; un-, -less, without” >> †ur- “privative prefix, without, -less” ✧ PE13/155

Element In

ᴱN. uvlam “dumb”
ᴱN. Uchor “Ilkorin” ✧ PE13/155 (uchor)
ᴱN. uchuil “lifeless” ✧ PE13/155 (uchuil)
ᴱN. udhrog “without slaves” ✧ PE13/155 (udhrog)
ᴱN. ufeth “without a word” ✧ PE13/155 (ufeth)
ᴱN. umaith “naked” ✧ PE13/155 (umaith)
ᴱN. ummast “without bread” ✧ PE13/155 (ummast)
ᴱN. ungorod “without a chief” ✧ PE13/155 (ungorod)
ᴱN. unnor “without a land” ✧ PE13/155 (unnor)
ᴱN. urrost “never coming to life” ✧ PE13/155 (uvrost)
ᴱN. uthir “without a king” ✧ PE13/155 (uthir)
ᴱN. uvlant “pathless” ✧ PE13/155 (uvlant)
ᴱN. uvost “without a town” ✧ PE13/155 (uvost)
ᴱN. uwedhweb “not married” ✧ PE13/155 (uwedhw)

G. u- pref. “negative prefix”

References ✧ GL/46, 50, 52, 73; LT2A/Nínin-Udathriol

Glosses

“mere negation” ✧ GL/50
“negative prefix” ✧ GL/73 (û-)
“negative prefix with any part of speech” ✧ LT2A/Nínin-Udathriol (Û-)

Variations

u- ✧ GL/50
#gw- ✧ GL/46; GL/46; GL/52; GL/52
uv- ✧ GL/50
um- ✧ GL/50
un- ✧ GL/50
û- ✧ GL/73; LT2A/Nínin-Udathriol

Element In

G. udrug “intractable, fierce, untamed” ✧ GL/73
G. uthairiol “unintentional, unintended; reluctant” ✧ GL/74
G. gwirn “unwished for, unwelcome” ✧ GL/52
G. gwirth “unwillingness, reluctance” ✧ GL/46
G. gwista- “to be ignorant of, not to know” ✧ GL/46
G. gwivrin “barren” ✧ GL/52
G. uchir “recklessness; carelessness; security” ✧ GL/74
G. udathnarol “countless, innumerable” ✧ GL/74; LT2A/Nínin-Udathriol
G. udathriol “countless” ✧ GL/74
G. ufedhron “lawless man” ✧ GL/74
G. ufedhwed “lawless” ✧ GL/74
G. uf(f)edhin “outlaw, outcast; one who changes his clan and goes to a new kinship” ✧ GL/74
G. ugwedriol “ineffable, unspeakable, awful” ✧ GL/74
G. uir- “not to wish, not mean to, mean not to” ✧ GL/74
G. uirol “unwilling, reluctant” ✧ GL/74
G. uivrin “barren” ✧ GL/74
G. unandrathrol “unabashed, shameless” ✧ GL/74
G. unathriol “unreal; impossible” ✧ GL/74
G. unweg “nobody, no one” ✧ GL/73

Cognates

ᴱQ. ú- “un-”

Derivations

< ᴱ√Ū² “not”