S. #am adv. and pref. “up” (Category: Up, Above, Over)
The basic Sindarin adverb and prefix for “up”, very well attested and derived from the root √AM of the same meaning. Since the m survives in this adverb, it must have been derived from amb- (PE22/35); compare its Quenya equivalent Q. amba.
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where G. am appeared as an adverb with the glosses “up, upwards, towards head of” (GL/19). In Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document, G. am was first glossed “above”, but was quickly revised to “above, up” (PE13/109). Starting with Early Noldorin word-lists of the 1920s and into The Etymologies of the 1930s, the gloss was only “up” (PE13/137, 159; Ety/AM²).
Reference ✧ MR/320 ✧ #Am “up”
Element In
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N. am adv. and pref. “up” (Category: Up, Above, Over)
References ✧ Ety/AM²; PE22/35
Glosses
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Element In
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Phonetic Developments
| ᴹ√AM² > am | [amba] > [amb] > [amb] > [amm] > [am] | ✧ Ety/AM² |
ᴱN. am adv. “up” (Category: Up, Above, Over)
References ✧ PE13/137, 159
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| am- | prefix | ✧ PE13/159 |
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G. am¹ adv. “up, upwards, towards head of, above” (Category: Up, Above, Over)
References ✧ GL/19; LT2A/Amon Gwareth; PE13/109
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Phonetic Developments
| ᴱ√AM(U) > am | [amu] > [am] | ✧ LT2A/Amon Gwareth |
| ᴱ√amū > am | [amū] !!! [am] | ✧ PE13/109 |