Q. tancata- v. (ta-formative) “to make firm, fix, confirm” (Category: Sure, Certain)
This one is tricky. Q. tankata- is the cognate of N./S. tangad(a)- which is the normal example Tolkien used to justify the N./S. past tense suffix -ant, via analogy with half-strong past tense N./S. tangant and Q. tankante.
However, according to Q. descriptions, this verb would be expected to have a weak past **tankatáne. Thus I think tankata- actually represents conceptual vacillations on Tolkien’s parts from divergent ideas for the evolution of past tenses of Q and S, which he seems not to have resolved.
As evidence of this, see Tolkien’s aborted attempt to devise a new origin for the S past tense suffix on PE22/157:
Make a Q. past continuous. was eating. mātante. istante, oryante, ortante. (?More) like (?aorist) in syntax. and also helps to explain wide[?] use of -ant as past in S. [added underneath] better mātānē > mātane. istane (PE22/157).
References ✧ PE17/76; PE22/157
Glosses
Variations
Inflections
tankatalye | aorist 2nd-sg-polite | ✧ PE17/76 |
tankante | past; half-strong-past | ✧ PE17/76 |
tankatealye | present 2nd-sg-polite | ✧ PE17/76 |
Elements
✶-tā | “verb suffix (transitive), causative” | ✧ PE17/76 |
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
✶tankātā- > tankata | [taŋkātā] > [taŋkatā] > [taŋkata] | ✧ PE22/157 |
ᴹQ. tankata- v. “to make fixed or firm, confirm” (Category: Sure, Certain)
Reference ✧ PE22/114 ✧ tañkatā́ “make fixed, firm, confirm”
Cognates
Derivations