S. ar- pref. “without; by; **beside”

S. ar-, pref. “[N.] outside; [S.] without; ⚠️by, beside, [G.] along with, compared with”

References ✧ PE17/169; VT42/17

Glosses

• “**beside” ✧ VT42/17
• “by” ✧ PE17/169
• “near, by, beside” ✧ PE17/169 (ar-)

Related

• ar- “without; by; **beside” cannot mean “beside” if there is a mixed-language origin for Arnen “Beside the Water”

Element In

• S. arnediad “unnumbered”
• S. †arnoediad “unnumbered, without reckoning”

Cognates

• Q. ar- “by-, beside, near” ✧ PE17/169 (ar-); PE17/169

Derivations

• < √AR “beyond, further than; outside; beside, along side”
• < √ÑAR “by, beside, near” ✧ PE17/169 (ÑAR); PE17/169

Phonetic Developments

ÄAR > ar-

[ŋar-] > [ar-]

✧ PE17/169

N. ar-¹ pref. “outside, beside; without”

References ✧ Ety/AR², AWA, NOT; EtyAC/AWA

Glosses

• “outside, beside; without” ✧ Ety/AR²

Related

• ar- “outside, beside; without” blended with ᴹ✶al “without” ✧ Ety/AR²
• ᴱN. or- “privative prefix, without, -less” may in its privative sense have become ar-¹ “outside, beside; without”

Changes

• ar »» ar- ✧ EtyAC/AWA

Element In

• N. arnediad “without reckoning, numberless, innumerable, countless, endless” ✧ Ety/AR²
• N. aronoded “innumerable, countless, endless” ✧ Ety/NOT
• N. †arnœdiad “innumerable, countless, endless” ✧ Ety/NOT

Cognates

• Ilk. ar- “outside, beside” ✧ Ety/AR²
• ᴹQ. ar- “outside, beside” ✧ Ety/AR²

Derivations

• < ᴹ√AR² “beside, outside” ✧ Ety/AR²; Ety/AWA

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√AR² > ar-

[ar-]

✧ Ety/AR²

ᴱN. or- pref. “privative prefix, without, -less”

References ✧ PE13/155-156

Glosses

• “privative prefix, without, -less” ✧ PE13/155 (†ur-)

Variations

• or- ✧ PE13/156; PE13/156
• †ur- ✧ PE13/155

Related

• or- “privative prefix, without, -less” may in its privative sense have become N. ar-¹ “outside, beside; without”

Element In

• ᴱN. ornoth “innumerable, without number, countless, numberless” ✧ PE13/155 (ornath)
• ᴱN. orann “doorless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. ordarn “gateless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. o(r)dhraust “without work, workless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. orfang “beardless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. orhod “seatless” ✧ PE13/156 (orhaud)
• ᴱN. ormar “houseless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. ormast “breadless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. o(r)ngolodh “without gnomes” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. orsarn “stoneless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. orthalos “courageless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. orthanc “unbroken, without break or cleavage, united, continuous; masked” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. orvab “handless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. orvaith¹ “unravished” ✧ PE13/155
• ᴱN. orvaith² “garmentless” ✧ PE13/155
• ᴱN. orvang “staffless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. orvath “foodless” ✧ PE13/155
• ᴱN. orvlann “without deceit” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. orwadh “barkless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. uraithr “swordless” ✧ PE13/155
• ᴱN. urbeth “wordless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. u(r)dhrog “without slaves” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. urdhuilin “without swallows” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. urduf “humorless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. urfuin “nightless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. urgeleb “without silver” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. urguil “lifeless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. urhonn “heartless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. u(r)ngúl “without wisdom” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. urnor “landless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. urorod “without chief” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. urrost “never coming to life” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. u(r)vrog “horseless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. urwedhw “without mate” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. urweth “without wife” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. yrith “care-free” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. yrlhinn “arrowless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. yrlhith “dustless” ✧ PE13/156
• ᴱN. yrwidhion “without husband” ✧ PE13/156

G. ar- pref. “beside, along with, compared with”

References ✧ GL/20; LT1A/Eruman

Glosses

• “beside, along with” ✧ LT1A/Eruman
• “beside, along with, compared with, etc” ✧ GL/20

Related

• ar- “beside, along with, compared with, etc” as prefix [of?] art “beside, along side of” ✧ GL/20

Element In

• G. argulthion “equal, equivalent” ✧ GL/20
• G. Arwalin ✧ GL/20

Derivations

• < ᴱ√ASA “*beside, close to”