S. ar- pref. “without; by; **beside”

S. ar-, pref. “[N.] outside; [S.] without; ⚠️by, beside, [G.] along with, compared with”

References ✧ PE17/169; VT42/17

Glosses

• “**beside” ✧ VT42/17
• “by” ✧ PE17/169
• “near, by, beside” ✧ PE17/169 (ar-)

Related

• ar- “without; by; **beside” cannot mean “beside” if there is a mixed-language origin for Arnen “Beside the Water”

Element In

• S. arnediad “unnumbered”
• S. †arnoediad “unnumbered, without reckoning”

Cognates

• Q. ar- “by-, beside, near” ✧ PE17/169 (ar-); PE17/169

Derivations

• < √AR “beyond, further than; outside; beside, along side”
• < √ÑAR “by, beside, near” ✧ PE17/169 (ÑAR); PE17/169

Phonetic Developments

ÄAR > ar-

[ŋar-] > [ar-]

✧ PE17/169

N. ar-¹ pref. “outside, beside; without”

References ✧ Ety/AR², AWA, NOT; EtyAC/AWA

Glosses

• “outside, beside; without” ✧ Ety/AR²

Related

• ar- “outside, beside; without” blended with ᴹ✶al “without” ✧ Ety/AR²
• ᴱN. or- “privative prefix, without, -less” may in its privative sense have become ar-¹ “outside, beside; without”

Changes

• ar »» ar- ✧ EtyAC/AWA

Element In

• N. arnediad “without reckoning, numberless, innumerable, countless, endless” ✧ Ety/AR²
• N. aronoded “innumerable, countless, endless” ✧ Ety/NOT
• N. †arnœdiad “innumerable, countless, endless” ✧ Ety/NOT

Cognates

• Ilk. ar- “outside, beside” ✧ Ety/AR²
• ᴹQ. ar- “outside, beside” ✧ Ety/AR²

Derivations

• < ᴹ√AR² “beside, outside” ✧ Ety/AR²; Ety/AWA

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√AR² > ar-

[ar-]

✧ Ety/AR²

G. ar- pref. “beside, along with, compared with”

References ✧ GL/20; LT1A/Eruman

Glosses

• “beside, along with” ✧ LT1A/Eruman
• “beside, along with, compared with, etc” ✧ GL/20

Related

• ar- “beside, along with, compared with, etc” as prefix [of?] art “beside, along side of” ✧ GL/20

Element In

• G. argulthion “equal, equivalent” ✧ GL/20
• G. Arwalin ✧ GL/20

Derivations

• < ᴱ√ASA “*beside, close to”