Eldamo : Quenya : ya

Q. ya pron. “which, that (relative pronoun)” (Category: Relative Pronouns)

Q. ya, pron. “which, that (relative pronoun)” (Category: Relative Pronouns)

The basic relative pronoun in Quenya, mostly used in inflected forms, such as: yassen tintilar i eleni “wherein the stars tremble” (LotR/377). See the entry on relative pronouns for further discusion.

Conceptual Development: The use of ᴱQ. ya as a relative pronoun dates back to the Early Qenya Grammar (EQG) of the 1920s (PE14/54), but for a period in the 1930s and 40s ᴹQ. ya was used more as a remote demonstrative (Ety/YA; PE23/96-98). See the entry on correlatives for more on this usage as of 1948.

References ✧ CPT/1296, 1298; LotR/377; PE16/96; PE17/66, 135; RGEO/58; VT47/21

Glosses

“that” ✧ VT47/21

Variations

ya ✧ VT47/21

yassen “where” poetic form of yasse ✧ PE17/66
i² “who, what, which, that (relative pronoun)” has a similar function to ya “which, that (relative pronoun)”
ye “who” is the personal form of ya “which, that (relative pronoun)”

Inflections

yan	dative		✧ PE16/96
yasse	locative		✧ PE17/66; PE17/66
ya-sse-n	locative plural	“in which places”	✧ PE17/135
yassen	locative plural	“in which”	✧ CPT/1296; CPT/1298
yassen	locative plural	“wherein”	✧ LotR/377
yassen	locative plural	“where”	✧ PE17/66
yassen	locative plural	“in which places”	✧ PE17/66; PE17/66
yassen	locative plural	“which-in (pl.)”	✧ RGEO/58
yássen	locative plural	“wherein”	✧ RGEO/58
ya-	stem	“relative stem”	✧ PE17/66
ya-	stem	“relative”	✧ PE17/66
ya-	stem	“stem of relatives”	✧ PE17/66

Element In

ᴺQ. !yaitë “such as, of the same kind as”
ᴺQ. !yalca “as much as, as great as”
ᴺQ. !yallini “as many as”
ᴺQ. !yallo “whence”
ᴺQ. !yanaurë “on the day when”
ᴺQ. !yandë “of the same degree as”
ᴺQ. !yanen “whereby, by which”
ᴺQ. !yanicca “as little as, as small as”
ᴺQ. !yanna “whither, whereto”
ᴺQ. !yanomë “in the place where”
ᴺQ. !yaro “that is the reason why”
ᴺQ. !yava “whose, of which”
Q. ai! löar yassen palantírienyë andavanwë yárier “ah years in which looking far away I saw ages long-passed” ✧ CPT/1296; CPT/1297; CPT/1298
Q. yallë “as, like, [lit.] in the same way as”
Q. yallumë “in times when”
Q. yassë “where [relative], in which place” ✧ PE17/66
Q. yassen tintilar i eleni “wherein the stars tremble” ✧ LotR/377; RGEO/58
Q. yassen tintilar i eleni² “in which twinkle the stars” ✧ RGEO/58
Q. yan i wilyar antar miquelis “*to whom the air gives kisses” ✧ PE16/96

Derivations

< √YA “*there, over there; (of time) back, ago”

ᴹQ. ya pron. “remote demonstrative” (Category: Relative Pronouns)

See Q. ya for discussion.

References ✧ PE23/96-98, 111-112; VT28/11

Glosses

“[of things and persons] is not much used, but may refer to someone, or thing, at a distance, and away from those speaking or spoken to” ✧ PE23/98
“[of time] always refers backwards to the past (from the time envisaged in thought)” ✧ PE23/96
“ago” ✧ PE23/97
“points [to] a place remote, not where any of the persons concerned in the sentence are” ✧ PE23/97

Variations

ya ✧ PE23/96; PE23/97; PE23/97; PE23/98

Inflections

yallo	ablative	“*from there (yonder)”	✧ PE23/112
yanna	allative	“*to there (yonder)”	✧ PE23/112
yasse	locative	“there”	✧ PE23/97
yasse	locative	“*there (yonder)”	✧ PE23/111
yasse	locative		✧ VT28/11
yassen	locative plural		✧ VT28/11
yas	short-locative	“there”	✧ PE23/97
yas	short-locative		✧ VT28/11

Element In

ᴹQ. yallume “at that (far distant) time, at last” ✧ PE23/96
ᴹQ. yana “yonder; that (the former)”
ᴹQ. yan(an) “at that (distant) time, then (long ago)” ✧ PE23/96 (yan)
ᴹQ. yanar(yas) “in those days of yore”
ᴹQ. yane “that yonder”
ᴹQ. yasse “there [yonder]; once upon a time” ✧ PE23/97; PE23/111
ᴹQ. elli yas atintilar “*wherein the stars tremble” ✧ VT28/11
ᴹQ. enya² “at some distant time, that far away” ✧ PE23/97; PE23/97
ᴹQ. yallo “*from there (yonder)” ✧ PE23/112
ᴹQ. yanna “*to there (yonder)” ✧ PE23/112
ᴹQ. yassen elli atintillinar “*wherein the stars tremble” ✧ VT28/11
ᴹQ. yasse tintilar i eleni “*wherein the stars tremble” ✧ VT28/11

Derivations

< ᴹ√YA “there, over there; (of time) back, ago” ✧ PE23/96

ᴱQ. ya pron. “relative pronoun” (Category: Relative Pronouns)

See Q. ya for discussion.

References ✧ MC/215; PE14/54; PE16/80, 90, 92

Glosses

“by whom” ✧ PE14/54
“relative pronoun” ✧ PE14/54

Variations

ya ✧ PE14/54; PE14/54

Inflections

yain	?		✧ PE16/80
yan	allative	“whom”	✧ PE16/90
yan	allative	“to whom”	✧ PE16/92
yar	dative	“to whom”	✧ MC/215

Element In

ᴱQ. en ilta n·ner ya me·qetsime ka húyo ne hwa·telpe ie-rautanéma ompa va húyo “thereupon in came the man {from whom we heard >>} by whom we were told his money had all been stolen from him” ✧ PE14/54
ᴱQ. yain tavárin lilyen marden ✧ PE16/80
ᴱQ. ya qensie melmur ne iksa telpe rautanéma “by whom we were told his money had all been stolen from him” ✧ PE14/54
ᴱQ. yar i vilya anta miqilis “to whom the air gives kisses” ✧ MC/215; PE16/90; PE16/92

Derivations

< ᴱ√YA² “demonstrative pointing back”