Q. hyarmen n. “south, (lit.) left-hand direction” (Category: South)
The Quenya word for “south” and the name of tengwa #33 (LotR/1123). It is a combination of ᴹ√KHYAR “left hand” and √MEN “way”, so named because it is the direction to the left when facing west (PE17/18; PE22/23; Ety/PHOR, MEN).
Conceptual Development: The Ambarkanta of the early 1930s at first had Harmen for “south”, but this was revised for Hyarmen both there and in The Etymologies from 1937 (SM/244; Ety/MEN). Tolkien used hyarmen thereafter.
References ✧ LotR/1045, 1115, 1123; PE17/18, 88, 126; SA/hyarmen, men; VT49/12
Glosses
Elements
| hyar- | “left-hand, south” | ✧ PE17/18 |
| men | “way” | ✧ SA/men |
Element In
Cognates
ᴹQ. hyarmen n. “south, left hand” (Category: South)
References ✧ Ety/KHYAR, MEN; LR/200; LRI/Harmen; PE22/23, 51; SMI/Harmen, Hyarmen
Glosses
Variations
Changes
Elements
| hyarya | “left (hand)” | ||
| men | “place, spot” | ||
| ᴹ√KHYAR | “left hand” | ✧ Ety/MEN | |
| ᴹ√MEN | “go, proceed; purpose, aim (at), intend; [rejected] place, spot” | ✧ Ety/MEN | |
Element In
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ᴹ√KHYAR > hyarmen | [kʰjarmen] > [xjarmen] > [j̊armen] | ✧ Ety/KHYAR |
| ᴹ√KHAR > harmen | [kʰarmen] > [xarmen] > [harmen] | ✧ Ety/KHYAR |