ᴺQ. [ᴱQ.] ^sapta n. “(delved) hole, pit; [ᴱQ.] grave” (Category: Hole)
Derivations
Q. samna n. “delved hole, pit” (Category: Hole)
This word had a fairly lengthy history in Tolkien’s writings. The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. sat (sapt-) “pit” under the early root ᴱ√SAPA “dig, excavate” (QL/82). Drafts of the first version of Oilima Markirya had ᴱQ. sapsa or sapta “pit, grave” (PE16/75), appearing in its allative form sapsanta “into the grave” in the final version of the poem (MC/221). The Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s had ᴹQ. sat (sap-) “pit” (PE21/19, 24).
The Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s had {✶sapmā >>} ✶sapnā > samna “delved hole, pit”, but the section where it appeared was rejected when Tolkien revised the phonetic development of pn (PE19/85-86 note #79). In the new system, the result would once again be Q. *sapta, but Tolkien did not include this example in the revised sections.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use ᴺQ. sapta “(delved) hole, pit”, with the additional meaning “grave” from the 1920s, but would assume it was derived from *saptā to avoid questions about its phonetic development.
Reference ✧ PE19/86 ✧ “delved hole, pit”
Related
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ✶sapnā > samna | [sapnā] > [sabnā] > [samnā] > [samna] | ✧ PE19/86 |
ᴹQ. sat (sap-) n. “pit” (Category: Hole)
References ✧ PE21/19, 24
Glosses
Variations
Inflections
| sapa | accusative | ✧ PE21/24 |
| †sapsa | allative; assimilated | ✧ PE21/24 |
| sapsin | nominative plural | ✧ PE21/24 |
| sap- | stem | ✧ PE21/19 |
ᴱQ. sapsa n. “pit, grave” (Category: Hole)
References ✧ MC/221; PE16/62, 72, 74-75, 77
Glosses
Variations
Related
Inflections
| sapsanta | allative | “into the grave” | ✧ MC/221 |
| sapsanta | allative | ✧ PE16/74; PE16/77 | |
| saptanta | allative | “into the grave” | ✧ PE16/62 |
| säpsänta | allative | ✧ PE16/72 |
Element In
Derivations