ᴹQ. subject affixes grammar.
| Examples (1st-sg) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| karin | “I make, build” | [← kar-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/KAR | |||||
| hyarin | “I cleave” | [← hyar-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/SYAD | |||||
| lavin | “I lick” | [← lav-¹] | aorist | ✧ Ety/LAB | |||||
| lirin | “I sing” | [← #lir-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/GLIR | |||||
| lirin | “I chant” | [← #lir-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/LIR¹ | |||||
| nahtanye | “I slay” | [← nahta-] | aorist | ✧ PE22/93 | |||||
| nutin | “I tie” | [← #nut-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/NUT | |||||
| nyarin | “I tell” | ← nyar- | aorist | ✧ Ety/NAR² | |||||
| kavinye | “I can” | [← #kav-] | aorist | ✧ PE22/92 | |||||
| rerin | “I sow” | [← #rer-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/RED | |||||
| serin | “I rest” | [← ser-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/SED | |||||
| sukin | “I drink” | [← suk-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/SUK | |||||
| tamin | “I tap” | [← tam-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/TAM | |||||
| tirin | “I watch” | [← #tir-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/TIR | |||||
| tukin | “I draw” | [← tuk-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/TUK | |||||
| tulin | “I come” | [← tul-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/TUL | |||||
| turin | “I wield, control, govern” | [← tur-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/TUR | |||||
| tyalin | “I play” | [← #tyal-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/TYAL | |||||
| tyavin | “I taste” | [← tyav-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/KYAB | |||||
| uin | “I do not, am not” | [← um-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/UGU | |||||
| umin | [← um-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/UGU | ||||||
| humin | “I do not” | [← um-] | aorist | ✧ EtyAC/ƷŪ | |||||
| vilin | “I fly” | [← vil-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/WIL | |||||
| wilin | “I fly” | [← vil-] | aorist | ✧ Ety/WIL | |||||
| maruvan | “I will abide” | [← mar-] | future | ✧ SD/56 | |||||
| nakuvan | “I will slay” | [← nak-¹] | future | ✧ PE21/65 | |||||
| nimaruva | “will abide” | [← mar-] | future pronoun-prefix | ✧ SD/56 | |||||
| lendien | “I have come” | [← lenna-] | perfect | ✧ SD/56 | |||||
| túvien | “I have found it” | [← #tuv-] | perfect augmentless | ✧ SD/57 | |||||
| nilendie | “I have come” | [← lenna-] | perfect reformed-perfect pronoun-prefix | ✧ SD/56 | |||||
| [?in]túviet | “I have found it” | [← #tuv-] | perfect with-sg-object | ✧ PE22/84 | |||||
| nitúviet | “I have found it” | [← #tuv-] | perfect with-sg-object | ✧ SD/57 | |||||
| utúvienyes | “I have found it” | [← #tuv-] | perfect with-sg-object | ✧ SD/57 | |||||
| meláne | “I love” | [← mel-] | present | ✧ LR/61 | |||||
| Examples (2nd-sg-familiar) |
|---|
| Examples (2nd-sg-polite) |
|---|
| Examples (3rd-sg) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| e·anta | “he gives” | [← anta-] | aorist pronoun-prefix | ✧ PE22/44 | |||||
| Examples (1st-pl-exclusive) |
|---|
| Examples (1st-pl-inclusive) |
|---|
| Examples (2nd-pl) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hiruvalle | [← hir-] | future | ✧ VT24/5 | ||||||
| laitalle | [← laita-] | present | ✧ SD/47 | ||||||
| Examples (3rd-pl) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kárielto | “they made” | [← kar-] | perfect augmentless | ✧ LR/72 | |||||
| antalto | “they gave” | [← anta-] | present | ✧ LR/72 | |||||
| meldielto | “They are ... beloved” | [← melda] | stative | ✧ LR/72 | |||||
Element In
ᴱQ. subject affixes grammar.
| Examples (1st-sg) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tildir | “I cover” | [← #tildi-] | ✧ QL/93 | ||||||
| virtir | “I serve” | [← virti-] | ✧ QL/102 | ||||||
| ’wardin | “I rule” | [← warda-] | ✧ QL/104 | ||||||
| wastar | “I dwell” | [← wasta-] | ✧ QL/102 | ||||||
| tulin | [← tulu-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulin | [← tulu-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tuluvan | [← tulu-] | conditional | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tuluvan | [← tulu-] | conditional | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| tuluvanye | [← tulu-] | future | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tuluvanye | [← tulu-] | future | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| tulan | [← tulu-] | imperative | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tul | [← tulu-] | imperative | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| linganen | [← linga-] | past | ✧ PE16/100 | ||||||
| qentien | “*I said” | [← qet-] | past | ✧ PE15/32 | |||||
| tūlien | [← tulu-] | past | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túlien | [← tulu-] | past | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| tūlian | [← tulu-] | past-subjunctive | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túlian | [← tulu-] | past-subjunctive | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| tūlienye | [← tulu-] | perfect | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túlienye | [← tulu-] | perfect | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| anir | “I give” | [← anta-] | present | ✧ QL/31 | |||||
| anin | [← anta-] | present | ✧ QL/31 | ||||||
| aqin | “I seize in my hand” | [← #aqa-] | present | ✧ QL/31 | |||||
| karin | “I make, do” | [← kara-] | present | ✧ QL/45 | |||||
| kilkin | “I gather, reap” | [← kilk-] | present | ✧ QL/47 | |||||
| kilkin | “to gather, reap” | [← kilk-] | present | ✧ QL/47 | |||||
| elin | “I drive” | [← #ele-] | present | ✧ QL/35 | |||||
| enin | “I am called” | [← en-] | present | ✧ QL/35 | |||||
| enin | [← en-] | present | ✧ QL/35 | ||||||
| emin | [← en-] | present | ✧ QL/35 | ||||||
| erin | “remains” | [← #er-] | present | ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa | |||||
| erin | “remains” | [← #er-] | present | ✧ QL/36 | |||||
| kenin | “I prick” | [← keny-] | present | ✧ QL/46 | |||||
| fengin | “I cut” | [← #feng-] | present | ✧ QL/38 | |||||
| harin | “remains” | [← har-] | present | ✧ QL/39 | |||||
| hatin | “I fling” | [← hata-] | present | ✧ QL/39 | |||||
| hilkin | “it freezes” | [← hilk-] | present | ✧ QL/39 | |||||
| hepin | “I bind” | [← hepe-] | present | ✧ QL/40 | |||||
| hotin | “I sneeze” | [← #hotyo-] | present | ✧ QL/41 | |||||
| iltin | “I thrust home” | [← ilt-] | present | ✧ QL/42 | |||||
| iqin | “I beg, ‘pray’” | [← iq-] | present | ✧ QL/43 | |||||
| irtin | “I peck, prick” | [← #irty-] | present | ✧ QL/43 | |||||
| kangin | “I weave, spin” | [← #kanga-] | present | ✧ QL/45 | |||||
| kapin | “I jump” | [← kap-] | present | ✧ QL/45 | |||||
| kawin | “I bow” | [← kawa-] | present | ✧ LT1A/Kaukaeldar | |||||
| kawin | “I bow, make obeisance” | [← kawa-] | present | ✧ QL/45 | |||||
| kulpin | “I contain” | [← kulp-] | present | ✧ QL/47 | |||||
| kumin | “I pile up” | [← #kum-] | present | ✧ QL/49 | |||||
| kakin | “I laugh” | [← kaka-] | present | ✧ QL/44 | |||||
| lomir | “I hide” | [← lom-] | present | ✧ LT1A/Hisilómë | |||||
| lomir | “I hide (tr.), lurk (intr.)” | [← lom-] | present | ✧ QL/55 | |||||
| lomir | “I hide (tr.)” | [← lom-] | present | ✧ QL/55 | |||||
| mokir | “I hate” | [← mok-] | present | ✧ LT1A/Kosomot | |||||
| mokir | “I hate” | [← mok-] | present | ✧ QL/62 | |||||
| kiltin | “I jerk, tuck” | [← #kilti-] | present | ✧ QL/47 | |||||
| tulinye | [← tulu-] | present | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulinye | [← tulu-] | present | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tŭlyan | [← tulu-] | present-subjective | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulian | [← tulu-] | present-subjective | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| nyanta | “I give” | [← anta-] | pronoun-prefix | ✧ PE14/86 | |||||
| nista | “I know” | [← ista-] | pronoun-prefix | ✧ PE14/86 | |||||
| nyūmil | [← um-] | pronoun-prefix | ✧ PE14/86 | ||||||
| tulan | [← tulu-] | subjective | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulyan | [← tulu-] | subjunctive | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| Examples (2nd-sg-familiar) |
|---|
| Examples (2nd-sg-polite) |
|---|
| Examples (3rd-sg) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| náre | [← ná-] | ✧ VT40/8 | |||||||
| yurin | “runs” | [← yuru-] | ✧ QL/106 | ||||||
| ’warin | “rubs” | [← #wara-] | ✧ QL/103 | ||||||
| umin | “it is not, does not, etc.” | [← um-] | ✧ QL/98 | ||||||
| uvin | [← um-] | ✧ QL/98 | |||||||
| uqin | “it rains” | [← #uqu-] | ✧ QL/98 | ||||||
| usin | “he escapes” | [← usu-] | ✧ QL/98 | ||||||
| vildin | “it matters, is of significance, worth, moment” | [← #vildi-] | ✧ QL/102 | ||||||
| varkin | “it bodes (impersonal); I dread, I fear (personal)” | [← #varka-] | ✧ QL/102 | ||||||
| vasin | “rush (tr.)” | [← #vasa-] | ✧ QL/100 | ||||||
| vastan | “rush (intr.)” | [← vasta-] | ✧ QL/100 | ||||||
| vilkin | “it cuts” | [← vilki-] | ✧ QL/101 | ||||||
| yamin | “shout, call” | [← yama-] | ✧ QL/105 | ||||||
| yavin | “bears fruit” | [← #yava-¹] | ✧ LT1A/Yavanna | ||||||
| yavin | “bears fruit” | [← #yava-¹] | ✧ QL/105 | ||||||
| tulle | [← tulu-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulia | [← tulu-] | perfect | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| emir | ← enin (present 1st-sg) | present | ✧ QL/35 | ||||||
| enir | ← enin (present 1st-sg) | present | ✧ QL/35 | ||||||
| hilkin | “it freezes” | [← hilk-] | present | ✧ LT1A/Helkar | |||||
| ilkin- | “it seems” | [← ilk-] | present | ✧ QL/42 | |||||
| limin | “he binds” | [← lim-] | present | ✧ QL/54 | |||||
| tulia | [← tulu-] | present | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulie | [← tulu-] | present | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| usin | “he escapes” | [← usu-] | present | ✧ LT1A/Dor Faidwen | |||||
| avin | “he departs” | [← #ava-] | present | ✧ QL/33 | |||||
| Examples (3rd-sg-masc) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kildo | “one saw” | [← kili-] | aorist | ✧ MC/220 | |||||
| kildo | [← kili-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/56 | ||||||
| kildo | [← kili-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/57 | ||||||
| kildo | [← kili-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/60 | ||||||
| kildo | [← kili-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/60 | ||||||
| kildo | “he saw” | [← kili-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/62 | |||||
| kildo | [← kili-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/72 | ||||||
| kildo | [← kili-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/74 | ||||||
| lunganar | “sagged” | [← lunga(na)-] | aorist | ✧ MC/221 | |||||
| lunganar | “leaned” | [← lunga(na)-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/62 | |||||
| lungáro | [← lunga(na)-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/65 | ||||||
| lunganar | [← lunga(na)-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/72 | ||||||
| lunganar | [← lunga(na)-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/74 | ||||||
| lunganaar | [← lunga(na)-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/77 | ||||||
| lurdon | [← lur-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/60 | ||||||
| surdon | [← sur-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/57 | ||||||
| tulto | [← tulu-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulur | [← tulu-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tuldo | [← tulu-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tuluvant | [← tulu-] | conditional | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tuluvár(o) | [← tulu-] | conditional | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| kiluvando | [← kili-] | future | ✧ PE16/77 | ||||||
| laustuvaaro | [← lausta-²] | future | ✧ PE16/77 | ||||||
| tuluvando | [← tulu-] | future | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tuluvando | [← tulu-] | future | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| tuláto | [← tulu-] | imperative | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| kírier | “clove” | [← kiri-] | past | ✧ MC/216 | |||||
| kírier | “clove” | [← kiri-] | past | ✧ PE16/100 | |||||
| kiirier | [← kiri-] | past | ✧ PE16/104 | ||||||
| falastanéro | “with loud surf” | [← falasta-] | past | ✧ MC/220 | |||||
| falassiéro | [← falasta-] | past | ✧ PE16/58 | ||||||
| falastanéro | [← falasta-] | past | ✧ PE16/58 | ||||||
| linganer | “hummed like a harp-string” | [← linga-] | past | ✧ MC/216 | |||||
| linganer | “hummed like a harp-string” | [← linga-] | past | ✧ PE16/100 | |||||
| linganer | [← linga-] | past | ✧ PE16/104 | ||||||
| lótanéro | [← lóto-] | past | ✧ PE16/58 | ||||||
| lútier | “sailed” | [← lutu-] | past | ✧ MC/216 | |||||
| lútier | “sailed” | [← lutu-] | past | ✧ PE16/100 | |||||
| luutier | [← lutu-] | past | ✧ PE16/104 | ||||||
| laustaner | “lausted (made a windy noise)” | [← lausta-²] | past | ✧ MC/216 | |||||
| laustanéro | “rushed” | [← lausta-²] | past | ✧ MC/220 | |||||
| laustanéro | “was roaring” | [← lausta-²] | past | ✧ PE16/62 | |||||
| laustaneero | [← lausta-²] | past | ✧ PE16/72 | ||||||
| laustanéro | [← lausta-²] | past | ✧ PE16/74 | ||||||
| laustaner | [← lausta-²] | past | ✧ PE16/100 | ||||||
| laustaner | “rushed” | [← lausta-²] | past | ✧ PE16/104 | |||||
| tūlient | [← tulu-] | past | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túliér(o) | [← tulu-] | past | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| tūliant | [← tulu-] | past-subjunctive | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túliár(o) | [← tulu-] | past-subjunctive | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| tūliendo | [← tulu-] | perfect | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túliendo | [← tulu-] | perfect | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| [túli]éro | [← tulu-] | perfect | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| alildon | [← #ala-] | present | ✧ PE16/80 | ||||||
| númetar | “went down in the West” | [← númeta-] | present | ✧ MC/221 | |||||
| númetar | “went down” | [← númeta-] | present | ✧ PE16/62 | |||||
| númetáro | [← númeta-] | present | ✧ PE16/64 | ||||||
| nuumetaar | [← númeta-] | present | ✧ PE16/72 | ||||||
| númetar | [← númeta-] | present | ✧ PE16/74 | ||||||
| nuumetaar | [← númeta-] | present | ✧ PE16/77 | ||||||
| kantalár | [← kantala-] | present | ✧ PE16/60 | ||||||
| kantalára | [← kantala-] | present | ✧ PE16/61 | ||||||
| tulindo | [← tulu-] | present | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulindo | [← tulu-] | present | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| [tul]īro | [← tulu-] | present | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulyáro | [← tulu-] | present-subjective | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| hwanta | [← anta-] | pronoun-prefix | ✧ PE14/86 | ||||||
| húle | “he pours” | [← ulu-] | pronoun-prefix | ✧ PE14/86 | |||||
| tulár(o) | [← tulu-] | subjective | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulyant | [← tulu-] | subjunctive | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| Examples (1st-pl-exclusive) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tulumen | [← tulu-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulime | [← tulu-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulimen | [← tulu-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tuláme | [← tulu-] | imperative | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tuliēmen | [← tulu-] | past | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túliémen | [← tulu-] | past | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| tulielme | [← tulu-] | perfect | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| túlielme | [← tulu-] | perfect | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| meäntal | [← anta-] | plural pronoun-prefix | ✧ PE14/86 | ||||||
| mieltal | “we drive” | [← elte-] | plural pronoun-prefix | ✧ PE14/86 | |||||
| miental | “we drive” | [← elte-] | plural pronoun-prefix | ✧ PE14/86 | |||||
| maistal | [← ista-] | plural pronoun-prefix | ✧ PE14/86 | ||||||
| meumil | [← um-] | plural pronoun-prefix | ✧ PE14/86 | ||||||
| tulilme | [← tulu-] | present | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulilme(n) | [← tulu-] | present | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulilme | [← tulu-] | present | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulyámen | [← tulu-] | present-subjective | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulámen | [← tulu-] | subjective | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| Examples (1st-pl-inclusive) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tuluven | [← tulu-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulive | [← tulu-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tuliven | [← tulu-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tuláve | [← tulu-] | imperative | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| [tuli]ēven | [← tulu-] | past | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| [túli]éven | [← tulu-] | past | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| túliengwe | [← tulu-] | perfect | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| qeäntal | [← anta-] | plural pronoun-prefix | ✧ PE14/86 | ||||||
| qieltal | [← elte-] | plural pronoun-prefix | ✧ PE14/86 | ||||||
| tulingwe | [← tulu-] | present | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulingwe(n) | [← tulu-] | present | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulingwe | [← tulu-] | present | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulyáren | [← tulu-] | present-subjective | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tuláven | [← tulu-] | subjective | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| Examples (2nd-pl) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tululen | [← tulu-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulile | [← tulu-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulilen | [← tulu-] | aorist | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulále | [← tulu-] | imperative | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| [tuli]ēlen | [← tulu-] | past | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| [túli]élen | [← tulu-] | past | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| túlielle | [← tulu-] | perfect | ✧ PE16/126 | ||||||
| leäntal | [← anta-] | plural pronoun-prefix | ✧ PE14/86 | ||||||
| lieltal | [← elte-] | plural pronoun-prefix | ✧ PE14/86 | ||||||
| (l)yūmil | [← um-] | plural pronoun-prefix | ✧ PE14/86 | ||||||
| tulille | [← tulu-] | present | ✧ PE16/124 | ||||||
| tulille | [← tulu-] | present | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulyálen | [← tulu-] | present-subjective | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| tulálen | [← tulu-] | subjective | ✧ PE16/125 | ||||||
| Examples (3rd-pl) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| limpilto | “*they are bound” | [← lim-] | ✧ PE15/32 | ||||||
| naltur | “*they are” | [← ná-] | ✧ PE15/32 | ||||||
| nalto | “*they are [have]” | [← ná-] | ✧ PE15/32 | ||||||
| nalto | “*they are” | [← ná-] | ✧ PE15/32 | ||||||
| malto | “*by those” | [← ma¹] | ✧ PE15/32 | ||||||
| listanelto | “*blessed” | [← listya-] | past | ✧ PE15/32 | |||||
| royenta | ← rōna- | past | ✧ QL/80 | ||||||
| tūkielto | “*they have looked for” | [← tuku-] | past | ✧ PE15/32 | |||||
| tulielto | “they have come” | [← tulu-] | perfect | ✧ LT1/114 | |||||
References ✧ PE14/56, 85-86
Element In