Eldamo : Primitive Elvish : [pʰ]

✶[pʰ] ‹ph›

References ✧ PE17/92; PE18/82-83, 91; PE19/69, 71, 83-84, 87-88; VT41/8

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development

✶[pw], [pʰw] became [pp], [pʰp]	ppʰ	<	pʰw	✧ PE19/88 (phw > pph)
	{ptk}pʰ	>	{ptk}p	✧ PE18/91 (pph > pp)
AQ. aspirates became voiceless stops after voiceless stops	ppʰ	>	pp	✧ PE19/84 (pph > pp); PE19/87 (pph > pp)
AQ. aspirates became voiceless stops after voiceless stops	ptʰ	>	pt	✧ PE19/84 (ph-t > pth)
AQ. aspirates became voiceless spirants	pʰ	>	ɸ	✧ PE19/71 (ph > [ꝑ])
✶aspiration moved to end of group of stops	pʰt	>	ptʰ	✧ PE19/87 (ph-t > pth)
✶aspiration moved to end of group of stops	pʰtʰ	>	ptʰ	✧ PE19/87 (ph-th > pth)
✶aspirate became voiceless stop before [s]	pʰs	>	ps	✧ PE19/83 (ph-s > ps)
Q. [ɸ], [β] became [f], [v]	ɸ	>	f	✧ PE17/92 (ph > f)

ᴹ✶[pʰ] ‹ph›

References ✧ PE18/30, 59; PE19/18, 21, 23, 30, 37, 40, 50-52

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴹAQ. stops frequently underwent metathesis with nasals and liquids	lpʰ	<	pʰl	✧ PE19/51 (phl > lph)
ᴹAQ. stops frequently underwent metathesis with nasals and liquids	rpʰ	<	pʰr	✧ PE19/51 (phr > rph)
Dan. aspirates became voiceless spirants	pʰ	>	f	✧ PE19/18 (ph- > f-); PE19/18 (ph- > f-); PE19/21 (phr- > fr-); PE19/21 (phr- > fr-); PE19/21 (phl- > fl-); PE19/21 (phl- > fl-)
Dan. medial voiceless spirants voiced after vowels	-Vf-	>	-Vv-	✧ PE19/23 (-ph- > f = v); PE19/23 (-ph- > f = v)
Ilk. aspirates became voiceless spirants	pʰ	>	f	✧ PE19/18 (ph- > f-); PE19/21 (phr- > fr-); PE19/21 (phl- > fl-)
Ilk. medial voiceless spirants voiced after vowels	-Vf-	>	-Vv-	✧ PE19/23 (-ph- > -v-)
ᴹAQ. [r] became [s] after voiceless stops and aspirates	pʰr	>	ps	✧ PE19/50 (phr > ps)
ᴹAQ. aspirates became voiceless stops after voiceless stops	ppʰ	>	pp	✧ PE19/40 (pph > ppʰ); PE19/50 (pph > pp)
ᴹAQ. aspirates became voiceless spirants	pʰ	>	ɸ	✧ PE19/37 (ph > f); PE19/50 (ph > ph); PE19/50 (phy > phy); PE19/51 (lph > lph); PE19/51 (rph > rph)
ᴹ✶metathesis	pʰm	>	mpʰ	✧ PE19/50 (phm > mph)
ᴹ✶aspirate became voiceless stop before [s]	pʰs	>	ps	✧ PE19/50 (ph + s > ps)
ᴹ✶aspiration moved to end of group of stops	pʰt	>	ptʰ	✧ PE19/50 (ph-t > pt); PE19/52 (ph + t > p + th)
ON. aspirates became voiceless spirants	pʰ	>	ɸ	✧ PE19/18 (ph- > ph/f-); PE19/21 (phr- > phr-); PE19/21 (phl- > phl-); PE19/23 (-ph- > -ph-)

ᴱ✶[ɸ] ‹f›

References ✧ PE12/15, 20

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴱQ. [ɸx] became [f]	ɸx	>	f	✧ PE12/20 (ꝑx > fh > f)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants became stops before stops, [s] or [z]	ɸt	>	pt	✧ PE12/20 (ꝑt > pt)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants became stops before stops, [s] or [z]	ɸs	>	ps	✧ PE12/20 (ꝑs > ps)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants became stops after nasals	mɸ	>	mp	✧ PE12/20 (nasal + ꝑ > mp)
ᴱQ. final [ɸ] became [xʷ]	-ɸ	>	-xʷ	✧ PE12/20 (ꝑ > ƕ)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirant combinations assimilated except to [θ]	ɸxʷ	>	xʷxʷ	✧ PE12/20 (ꝑ + x͡w > xx͡w)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants voiced before voiced continuants	ɸ{βmnŋrljw}	>	β{βmnŋrljw}	✧ PE12/20 (ꝑ or f > ƀ; before voiced spirants, before n, r, l, ı̯, u̯)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants voiced after liquids	lɸ	>	lβ	✧ PE12/20 (liquids + ꝑ > lb)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants voiced after liquids	rɸ	>	rβ	✧ PE12/20 (liquids + ꝑ > rb)
ᴱQ. [ɸ] usually became [f]	ɸ	>	f	✧ PE12/16 (ꝑ > f)
ᴱQ. [ɸ] usually became [f]	ɸɣʷ	>	f	✧ PE12/20 (fw̑ > f)
ᴱQ. [ɸ] usually became [f]	ɸðʲ	>	j̊	✧ PE12/20 (fy̑ > hy)
ᴱQ. [ɸ] usually became [f]	ɸu	>	βu	✧ PE12/20 (ꝑ > ƀ; before ū̆)
ᴱQ. intervocalic voiceless spirants became voiced	VfV	>	VvV	✧ PE12/16 (f > v (w); medial); PE12/20 (ꝑ or f > f > v; between vowels)

ᴱQ. voiced spirants becames stops after liquids, nasals and [z]	lβ	>	lb	✧ PE12/24 (lƀ > lb)
ᴱQ. voiced spirants becames stops after liquids, nasals and [z]	rβ	>	rb	✧ PE12/24 (rƀ > rb)
ᴱQ. voiced spirants becames stops after liquids, nasals and [z]	mβ	>	mb	✧ PE12/24 (mƀ > mb)
ᴱQ. voiced spirants becames stops after liquids, nasals and [z]	zβ	>	zb	✧ PE12/24 (zƀ > rb)
ᴱQ. [β] became [u] before consonants and finally	VβC	>	VuC	✧ PE12/24 (ƀ + consonant > u̯)
ᴱQ. [β] became [u] before consonants and finally	-β	>	-u	✧ PE12/24 (ƀ final > u)
ᴱQ. [β] became [v]	β	>	v	✧ PE12/16 (ƀ > v (w); medial); PE12/24 (ƀ > v)
ᴱQ. [β] vanished before [u]	βu	>	øu	✧ PE12/24 (ƀū̆ > ū̆)