S. lang n. “passage; neck” (Category: Neck)
A word for “neck” appearing in notes written around 1967, most notably as an element in tarlang “stiff-neck” = “proud” (PE17/92). It was derived from primitive ✶langō (< √LAƷA “cross, pass over, go beyond”) which meant “a passage (physical), originally applied to any route or connecting link between two places or large objects, especially such as enabled one to cross or surmount an obstacle: such as a mountain-pass, a ridge of higher land across fen-land, an isthmus etc.” (PE17/91-92). This word was then “later applied to narrower parts of a structure serving to join larger parts, especially the ‘neck’ of men and animals”. The word lang had the gloss “neck” (both in geography as well as for men and animals) in Tolkien’s Nomenclature of the Lord of the Rings as well (RC/536).
Conceptual Development: There was a similar noun N. {lhang >>} lhanc in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√LAK¹ “swallow” (Ety/LANK). This earlier word was likewise an element in N. tarlanc “stiff-necked, obstinate” (Ety/TÁRAG).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I think it is unlikely that N. lhanc (or ᴺS. *lanc) “throat” can coexist with S. lang “neck”. However, since S. lang originally referred to a “passage”, I think it can be interpreted as referring to the passage from the mouth to the stomach and lungs, and hence also used with the sense “*throat”. For the actual interior mechanism of the throat, however, I’d recommend the neologism ᴺS. lhunc “pharynx, gullet” < ᴹ√SLUK “swallow”.
References ✧ PE17/92; RC/536
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| ✶langō > lang | [laŋgō] > [laŋgo] > [laŋg] > [laŋ] | ✧ PE17/92 |
N. lhanc n. “throat” (Category: Throat)
References ✧ Ety/LANK; EtyAC/LAK¹
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| ᴹ√LANK > lhanc | [laŋko] > [laŋkʰo] > [laŋxo] > [laŋx] > [l̥aŋx] > [l̥aŋk] | ✧ Ety/LANK |
| ᴹ√LANG > lhang | [laŋgō] > [laŋgo] > [laŋg] > [laŋ] | ✧ Ety/LANK |
| ᴹ√LAK¹ > lhanc | [laŋko] > [laŋkʰo] > [laŋxo] > [laŋx] > [l̥aŋx] > [l̥aŋk] | ✧ EtyAC/LAK¹ |
ᴱN. gara n. “throat” (Category: Throat)
The word ᴱN. gara “throat” (archaic †garg) appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists derived from primitive ᴱ✶gr:go, where the long syllable ṝ became ar (PE13/144). Compare this to ᴱN. griw “alimentary canal” from primitive ᴱ✶grgu-, where with short syllabic ṛ the result was gri-.
Conceptual Development: G. cwerc “throat” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s might be a conceptual precursor (GL/28), perhaps from primitive qṛk-, though elsewhere in the Gnomish Lexicon, qṛ- > cur-, as in ᴱ√qṛđ > G. curdhu (GL/28).
References ✧ PE13/144
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| †geirg | plural | ✧ PE13/144 |
| gery | plural | ✧ PE13/144 |
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