ᴹQ. ye- v. (irregular-verb) “to be” (Category: Be)

⚠️ᴹQ. ye-, v. (irregular-verb) “to be” (Category: Be)

Q. ëa- “to be, exist, [ᴹQ.] have being, be found extant in the real world”

References ✧ LR/72; PE22/11, 107, 115, 117, 119-120, 123; PE23/97, 104

Glosses

• “[is]” ✧ PE23/97
• “be” ✧ PE22/123 (yē)

Variations

• ye ✧ PE23/97
• yē ✧ PE22/123

Changes

• ie >> yē ✧ PE22/123
• enie >> yénie ✧ PE22/123

Inflections

ye	aorist	“is”	✧ LR/72; LR/72; PE22/11; PE22/117; PE22/119; PE23/104
ye	aorist	“is”	✧ PE22/107
ye	aorist		✧ PE22/115
ye	aorist	“it is”	✧ PE22/120
yér	aorist plural		✧ PE22/123
vá	future		✧ PE22/123
yéva	future	“there will be”	✧ LR/72
yéva	future	“is”	✧ LR/72
yéva	future		✧ PE22/123
váya	future-participle		✧ PE22/123
yevalya	future-participle		✧ PE22/123
ie	gerund		✧ PE22/123
yē	gerund		✧ PE22/123
yea	imperfect-participle		✧ PE22/123
†yelya	imperfect-participle		✧ PE22/123
úye	negated	“[is] not”	✧ LR/72
né	past		✧ PE22/123
né	past	“was”	✧ PE23/97
yene	past		✧ PE22/123
ener	past plural		✧ PE22/123
nér	past plural		✧ PE22/123
enie	perfect		✧ PE22/123
yénie	perfect; augmentless		✧ PE22/123
enea	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/123
†enelya	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/123
nea	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/123

Element In

• ᴹQ. yeste “being, existence” ✧ PE22/123 (yeste)
• ᴹQ. entasse ye Túro “there is Túro away over there” ✧ PE23/97
• ᴹQ. en ye tá “that is a tee” ✧ PE22/11
• ᴹQ. etta matie the ye úmahta “his eating it is a nuisance” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. há ye “that is it, that is so” ✧ PE23/104
• ᴹQ. íre ilqa yéva nótina, hostainiéva, yallume “when all is counted, and all numbered at last” ✧ LR/72
• ᴹQ. írima ye Númenor “lovely is Númenor” ✧ LR/72
• ᴹQ. karie ye mólome “making (things) is hard work” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. matie ye mára “eating is (a) good (thing)” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. me·mittanelme i·mbarenna yo sasse né Túro “we got into the house and there was Túro” ✧ PE23/97
• ᴹQ. nan úye sére indo-ninya símen, ullume “but my heart resteth not here for ever” ✧ LR/72
• ᴹQ. tasse ye Túro “there’s Túro” ✧ PE23/97
• ᴹQ. ten sí ye tyelma, yéva tyel ar i narqelion “for here is ending, and there will be an end and the Fading” ✧ LR/72
• ᴹQ. te ye matina “it is eaten” ✧ PE22/107
• ᴹQ. yé karalya “to be making” ✧ PE22/123
• ᴹQ. (ye) mólome nakie·nye “(it is) hard work to kill me” ✧ PE22/120
• ᴹQ. ye ortalya “is raising” ✧ PE22/117
• ᴹQ. ye sirinyella “*has flown” ✧ PE22/115

Derivations

• < ᴹ√YĒ “to be” ✧ PE22/123 (YE)

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√YE > yē

[jē]

✧ PE22/123

ᴱQ. e-² v. “to be” (Category: Be)

References ✧ PE14/51, 54, 57; PE16/62, 66, 140-141, 143

Changes

• e >> i ✧ PE14/51
• ie >> ien “it was” ✧ PE16/66
• -ie >> -nye “past tense” ✧ PE16/141

Inflections

va	future		✧ PE14/57
va	future	“will be”	✧ PE14/57
van(da)	future active-participle		✧ PE14/57
vasta	future gerund		✧ PE14/57
var	future impersonal		✧ PE14/57
val	future plural		✧ PE14/57
vakto	future reflexive		✧ PE14/57
ī	infinitive	“be”	✧ PE16/140
hye	past		✧ PE14/57
ie	past		✧ PE14/57
ie	past		✧ PE16/66
ie	past	“was”	✧ PE16/143
inye	past		✧ PE16/141
ye	past		✧ PE14/57
ien	past active-participle		✧ PE14/57
ien	past active-participle	“it was”	✧ PE16/62
yen	past active-participle		✧ PE14/57
yenda	past active-participle		✧ PE14/57
iesta	past gerund		✧ PE14/57
yesta	past gerund		✧ PE14/57
ier	past impersonal		✧ PE14/57
iel	past plural		✧ PE14/57
iekto	past reflexive		✧ PE14/57
ielko	past reflexive plural		✧ PE14/57
ie	perfect	“had ... been”	✧ PE14/54
e	present	“is”	✧ PE14/51
e	present		✧ PE14/57
e	present	“is”	✧ PE14/57
ea	present		✧ PE16/140
i	present	“is”	✧ PE14/51
i	present		✧ PE14/57
in(d-)	present active-participle		✧ PE14/57
inda	present active-participle		✧ PE14/57
ista	present gerund		✧ PE14/57
ir	present impersonal		✧ PE14/57
il	present plural		✧ PE14/57
ikto	present reflexive		✧ PE14/57
ilko	present reflexive plural		✧ PE14/57
-ie	suffix		✧ PE16/141
-nye	suffix	“past tense”	✧ PE16/141

Element In

• ᴱQ. en ilta n·ner ya me·qetsime ka húyo ne hwa·telpe ie-rautanéma ompa va húyo “thereupon in came the man {from whom we heard >>} by whom we were told his money had all been stolen from him” ✧ PE14/54
• ᴱQ. e tulien “is having come, has come” ✧ PE14/57
• ᴱQ. hue yullume i hualqe “twice nine is eighteen” ✧ PE14/51
• ᴱQ. ná- “to be, exist” ✧ PE16/141 (nanye)
• ᴱQ. oilim’ ambar ien oilin “it was the morning” ✧ PE16/62
• ᴱQ. (tu·)méliel ielko “they loved themselves” ✧ PE14/57
• ᴱQ. va tulien “will be having come” ✧ PE14/57

Derivations

• < ᴱ√Ī “be” ✧ PE16/140

ᴱQ. ó- v. “to be” (Category: Be)

Reference ✧ QL/69 ✧ ō- “am”

Derivations

• < ᴱ√Ō “be, exist” ✧ QL/69

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ√Ō > ō-

[ō-]

✧ QL/69