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ᴹQ. ea- v. (irregular-verb) “to be; to exist, have being, be found extant in the real world” (Category: Be)

See Q. ëa- for discussion.

References ✧ PE19/48; PE22/119, 122-124

Glosses

Variations

Changes

Inflections

ëa aorist “there is, there exists” ✧ PE22/124
ëa aorist “(there) is” ✧ PE22/124
ëat aorist dual   ✧ PE22/122
ëar aorist plural   ✧ PE22/122
ëan aorist with-1st-sg-object “there is to me” ✧ PE22/122
ëanye aorist with-1st-sg-object “there is to me” ✧ PE22/122
euva future “will exist” ✧ PE22/123
future   ✧ PE22/123
éva future   ✧ PE22/124
ëava future “will exist” ✧ PE22/123: late classical and TQ form
ēva future “will exist” ✧ PE22/123
ŭva future   ✧ PE22/123
vár future plural “shall be” ✧ PE22/124
ie gerund “existing” ✧ PE22/122
ie gerund “existence” ✧ PE22/124
ére gerund “existing” ✧ PE22/122
ëa imperfect-participle “existing” ✧ PE22/122
eñge past   ✧ PE22/122; PE22/122
ne past “was” ✧ PE22/119
past   ✧ PE19/48: from a different stem
past “was” ✧ PE22/124
past “was” ✧ PE22/123
ëane past “existed” ✧ PE22/123
ëane past   ✧ PE22/124
ēne perfect   ✧ PE22/123
nea perfect-participle “existed” ✧ PE22/123
énea perfect-participle   ✧ PE22/124
ēnea perfect-participle “existed” ✧ PE22/123

Element In

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√ > ea [eɣa] > [ea] ✧ PE19/48
ᴹ✶e-ñ-ʒe > †eñge [eŋɣe] > [eŋge] ✧ PE22/122
ᴹ✶ē̆ʒā > ëa [eɣa] > [ea] ✧ PE22/122
ᴹ✶eʒyā > ëa [eɣja] > [eja] > [ea] ✧ PE22/122

ᴹQ. ye- v. (irregular-verb) “to be” (Category: Be)

See Q. ëa- for discussion.

References ✧ LR/72; PE22/11, 107, 115, 117, 119-120, 123

Glosses

Variations

Changes

Inflections

ye aorist “is” ✧ LR/72; LR/72; PE22/11; PE22/117; PE22/119
ye aorist “is” ✧ PE22/107
ye aorist   ✧ PE22/115
ye aorist “it is” ✧ PE22/120
yér aorist plural   ✧ PE22/123
future   ✧ PE22/123
yéva future “there will be” ✧ LR/72
yéva future “is” ✧ LR/72
yéva future   ✧ PE22/123
váya future-participle   ✧ PE22/123
yevalya future-participle   ✧ PE22/123
ie gerund   ✧ PE22/123
gerund   ✧ PE22/123
yea imperfect-participle   ✧ PE22/123
yelya imperfect-participle   ✧ PE22/123
úye negated “[is] not” ✧ LR/72
past   ✧ PE22/123
yene past   ✧ PE22/123
ener past plural   ✧ PE22/123
nér past plural   ✧ PE22/123
enie perfect   ✧ PE22/123
yénie perfect; augmentless   ✧ PE22/123
enea perfect-participle   ✧ PE22/123
enelya perfect-participle   ✧ PE22/123
nea perfect-participle   ✧ PE22/123

Element In

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√YE > [jē] ✧ PE22/123

ᴱQ. e-² v. “to be” (Category: Be)

See Q. ëa- for discussion.

References ✧ PE14/51, 54, 57; PE16/62, 66, 140-141, 143

Changes

Inflections

va future   ✧ PE14/57
va future “will be” ✧ PE14/57
van(da) future active-participle   ✧ PE14/57
vasta future gerund   ✧ PE14/57
var future impersonal   ✧ PE14/57
val future plural   ✧ PE14/57
vakto future reflexive   ✧ PE14/57
ī infinitive “be” ✧ PE16/140
hye past   ✧ PE14/57
ie past   ✧ PE14/57
ie past   ✧ PE16/66
ie past “was” ✧ PE16/143
inye past   ✧ PE16/141
ye past   ✧ PE14/57
ien past active-participle   ✧ PE14/57
ien past active-participle “it was” ✧ PE16/62
yen past active-participle   ✧ PE14/57
yenda past active-participle   ✧ PE14/57
iesta past gerund   ✧ PE14/57
yesta past gerund   ✧ PE14/57
ier past impersonal   ✧ PE14/57
iel past plural   ✧ PE14/57
iekto past reflexive   ✧ PE14/57
ielko past reflexive plural   ✧ PE14/57
ie perfect “had ... been” ✧ PE14/54
e present “is” ✧ PE14/51
e present   ✧ PE14/57
e present “is” ✧ PE14/57
ea present   ✧ PE16/140
i present “is” ✧ PE14/51
i present   ✧ PE14/57
in(d-) present active-participle   ✧ PE14/57
inda present active-participle   ✧ PE14/57
ista present gerund   ✧ PE14/57
ir present impersonal   ✧ PE14/57
il present plural   ✧ PE14/57
ikto present reflexive   ✧ PE14/57
ilko present reflexive plural   ✧ PE14/57
-ie suffix   ✧ PE16/141
-nye suffix “past tense” ✧ PE16/141

Element In

Derivations


ᴱQ. ó- v. “to be” (Category: Be)

See Q. ëa- for discussion.

Reference ✧ QL/69 ✧ ō- “am”

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ√Ō > ō- [ō-] ✧ QL/69