S. gil [ng-] n. “star; (bright) spark, silver glint, twinkle of light”

S. gil [ng-], n. “star; (bright) spark, silver glint, twinkle of light”

References ✧ Let/427; LotR/1113; MR/388, 470-471; PE17/22-23, 30, 50, 152; PE22/159; RC/232; RGEO/61, 65; S/106; SA/gil; VT42/11

Glosses

• “bright spark” ✧ RGEO/65
• “silver glint” ✧ MR/470
• “silver spark” ✧ PE17/30 (gail); PE17/152 (gail)
• “spark, star” ✧ PE17/23
• “spark, twinkle of light, star” ✧ VT42/11
• “star” ✧ LotR/1113; PE17/50 (Gill); PE22/159; RGEO/61; SA/gil
• “Valinorian imagines [images of real stars]” ✧ MR/388; PE17/22

Variations

• gil ✧ Let/427; LotR/1113; MR/388; MR/470; MR/471; PE17/22; PE17/23; PE22/159; RC/232; RGEO/61; RGEO/65; SA/gil; VT42/11
• †geil ✧ PE17/30
• gail ✧ PE17/30; PE17/152
• Gill ✧ PE17/50

Related

• gil “bright spark” largely replaced êl “star” ✧ RGEO/65
• gil “spark, twinkle of light, star” is often used of the stars of heaven in place of older and more elevated √el- “star” ✧ VT42/11
• Q. tinwë “spark” is used in the same way as gil “spark, twinkle of light, star” ✧ VT42/11

Inflections

giliath	class-plural		✧ PE17/30
giliath	class-plural	“silver spark”	✧ PE17/152: pl. 2
giliath	class-plural	“hosts of stars”	✧ RC/232
giliath	class-plural	“host of stars”	✧ SA/gil
Giliath	nasal-mutation class-plural; ng-mutation	“stars”	✧ S/106
gîl	plural	“silver spark”	✧ PE17/152
gil-	prefix		✧ PE17/152: in compounds

Element In

• S. Dagor-nuin-Giliath “Battle-under-Stars” ✧ S/106; SA/gil
• S. Gil-Amdir
• S. Gilammoth
• S. Gilbarad
• S. Gildor
• S. Gil-Estel “Star of (High) Hope” ✧ SA/gil
• S. Gil-galad “Starlight, (lit.) Star of Radiance” ✧ PE17/23; PE17/50; RGEO/65; SA/gil
• S. Gilmith “*Grey Star”
• S. Gil-Orrain “Star of High Hope”
• S. Gilraen “*Netted Stars” ✧ PE22/159; VT42/11
• S. Gilrain “*Wandering Star”
• S. Gilthoniel “Star-kindler” ✧ PE17/22; RGEO/65
• S. Orgilion “*Star-day, Saturday”
• S. Osgiliath “Citadel of the Stars” ✧ PE17/23 (Os(t)giliath); PE17/30 (Os(t)giliath); RC/232; RGEO/65 (Os(t)giliath); SA/gil
• S. Thorongil “Eagle of the Star”
• S. Borgil “Red-star” ✧ Let/427 (borñgil)

Cognates

• Q. nillë¹ “silver glint; Valinorian imagines [images of real stars]” ✧ MR/388 (ñille); MR/470 (ñillë); MR/471 (ñillë); PE17/22 (ñille)

Derivations

• < ✶gilyā “silver spark” ✧ PE17/152
  • < geil < gilyā ✧ PE17/152
  • < √(Ñ)GIL “shine (white); silver glint; white or silver light” ✧ PE17/152 (GIL)
• < √(Ñ)GIL “shine (white); silver glint; white or silver light” ✧ MR/388 (ngil); PE17/22 (NGIL); PE17/152 (GIL)

Phonetic Developments

✶gilyā > geil > gail	[giljā] > [gilja] > [gelja] > [gelia] > [geli] > [geil] > [gail]	✧ PE17/152
√GIL > gîl	[gilji] > [gilī] > [gil] > [gīl]	✧ PE17/152

N. geil n. “star”

References ✧ Ety/GIL, OT; EtyAC/GIL

Glosses

• “star” ✧ Ety/GIL

Variations

• geil ✧ Ety/GIL

Changes

• gîl “star” »» gíl ✧ EtyAC/GIL

Inflections

giliath	class-plural		✧ Ety/GIL
gil	plural	“stars”	✧ Ety/OT
gíl	plural		✧ Ety/GIL

Element In

• N. Argilion “*Star-day”
• N. Dagor nuin Giliath “Battle-under-Stars”
• N. Dagor-os-Giliath “Battle under Stars”
• N. Gilbrennil “Varda” ✧ Ety/GIL
• N. Gildor
• N. Gil-galad “Starlight” ✧ Ety/GIL (gilgalad)
• N. gilith “starlight” ✧ Ety/GIL (?Gilwen); Ety/GIL
• N. Gilthoniel “Star-maker, Lady of the Stars” ✧ Ety/GIL
• N. Osgiliath “Fortress of the Stars”
• N. Edegil “Seven Stars” ✧ Ety/OT

Derivations

• < ᴹ✶gilya “star” ✧ Ety/GIL; Ety/GIL
  • < ᴹ√GIL “shine (white or pale)” ✧ Ety/GIL

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ✶gilya > gíl	[gilji] > [gilī] > [gil] > [gīl]	✧ Ety/GIL
ᴹ✶gilya > geil	[gilja] > [gelja] > [gelia] > [geli] > [geil]	✧ Ety/GIL

ᴱN. gail n. “star; sign, token, heavenly body”

References ✧ MC/217; PE13/120, 123, 143

Glosses

• “life” ✧ PE13/120 (gail)
• “sign” ✧ PE13/120
• “sign, token, heavenly body” ✧ PE13/123
• “star” ✧ MC/217; PE13/143

Variations

• gail ✧ MC/217; PE13/120; PE13/123; PE13/143; PE13/120 (gail)

Changes

• gail “life” >> gail “sign” ✧ PE13/120
• i·ngailith >> i·ngailiath ✧ PE13/120

Inflections

i·ngailiath	nasal-mutation plural; g-mutation	✧ PE13/120
i·ngailith	nasal-mutation plural; g-mutation	✧ PE13/120
gailiath	plural	✧ PE13/123
gailir	plural	✧ PE13/123; PE13/143
i·ail	soft-mutation; g-mutation	✧ PE13/120
o·gail	stop-mutation; g-mutation	✧ PE13/120

Element In

• ᴱN. gail Luithien heb Eglavar “Lúthien he saw, as a star from Elfland” ✧ MC/217
• ᴱN. telingail “sign of heaven” ✧ PE13/123; PE13/123 (delingailir)

G. gail n. “star”

References ✧ GL/37; LT1A/Tinwetári

Glosses

• “a star” ✧ GL/37
• “star” ✧ LT1A/Tinwetári

Element In

• G. Gailbridh(n)ir “Queen of Stars” ✧ GL/37 (Gailbridhir); LT1A/Tinwetári

Cognates

• ᴱQ. íle “star” ✧ GL/37 (īle); LT1A/Tinwetári

Derivations

• < ᴱ√GILI “*shine (white)”