Eldamo : Quenya : orta-¹

Q. orta-¹ v. (ta-causative) “to raise, lift (up), (lit.) cause to rise” (Category: to Lift, Raise)

Q. orta-¹, v. (ta-causative) “to raise, lift (up), (lit.) cause to rise” (Category: to Lift, Raise): ᴱQ. amu- “to raise”; Q. orya-² “*to raise”

A well-attested verb for “to raise, lift (up)”. It was one of Tolkien’s favorite example for causative verbs, as a combination of √OR “rise, up” with the causative suffix ✶-tā, so more literally “cause to rise” (PE17/70). Tolkien used it as an example of the conjugation of this class of verbs in several places (PE17/77; PE22/117, 157, 159, 164), consistently with a weak past ortane as in the Namárië poem (LotR/377).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had a similar verb ᴱQ. orto- “raise” under the early root ᴱ√ORO¹, but in that document its past form was oronte (QL/70). At various points in Tolkien’s later writings, he indicated orta- “raise” was blended with an intransitive ta-causative verb orta-² “rise”, which had a half-strong past oronte “arose” (Ety/ORO; PE22/159, 164).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer to use the more distinctive verb orya- for intransitive “rise”, and use orta- only for transitive “raise”. However, using orta- for both “raise” and “rise” is popular among many Neo-Quenya writers. See the entry on orta-² “rise” for discussion.

References ✧ Let/426; LotR/377; PE17/63, 70, 77; PE22/156-157, 159, 164; RGEO/58-60

Glosses

“cause to rise” ✧ PE17/70
“lift” ✧ PE17/63 (ortā-)
“raise” ✧ PE22/156 (ortā); PE22/164
“to lift up” ✧ PE17/70

Variations

orta ✧ PE17/70; PE17/70; PE22/164
ortā- ✧ PE17/63; PE22/156; PE22/157

orta-¹ “to raise, lift (up), (lit.) cause to rise” vs. orta-² “to rise”

Changes

ortāne >> ortane ✧ PE22/157
orotaye >> orortaye ✧ PE22/164

Inflections

orta	aorist		✧ PE17/77; PE22/159
orta	aorist	“raise”	✧ PE22/159
ortan	aorist 1st-sg		✧ PE22/164
ortauva	future		✧ PE22/159; PE22/164
ortúva	future		✧ PE22/159
ortane	past		✧ PE17/63; PE17/70; PE17/77; PE22/157; PE22/159; PE22/159; PE22/164
ortane	past	“lifted”	✧ PE17/70: used for “has lifted” since it is defined by sī “now”
ortane	past	“raised”	✧ PE17/70
ortane	past	“lifted up”	✧ RGEO/59
ortane	past	“has uplifted”	✧ RGEO/60: is a past tense
ortani	past	“raised”	✧ Let/426: [probably a misprint of ortanë from the Namárië poem (LotR/377)]
ortanë	past	“has uplifted”	✧ LotR/377
ortāne	past		✧ PE22/157
órtanè	past	“has uplifted”	✧ RGEO/58
ortante	past-imperfect		✧ PE22/157
[orort]ie	perfect		✧ PE22/159
orortaye	perfect		✧ PE22/164
orortie	perfect		✧ PE22/157; PE22/159
orort{anie}	perfect; weak-perfect		✧ PE22/157
orotaye	perfect		✧ PE22/164
ortanie	perfect; augmentless weak-perfect		✧ PE17/77
ortea	present		✧ PE17/77; PE22/157; PE22/159; PE22/159
orotan	present 1st-sg		✧ PE22/164
ortean	present 1st-sg		✧ PE22/164

Elements

-ta	“causative verb suffix”

Element In

ᴺQ. ^ortië “lifting up, raising”
ᴺQ. ^ortima “able to be raised”
Q. #amorta- “to heave”
Q. an sí Tintallë Varda Oiolossëo ve fanyar máryat Elentári ortanë “for now the Kindler, Varda, the Queen of the Stars from Mount Everwhite has uplifted her hands like clouds” ✧ LotR/377; RGEO/58
Q. an sí Varda, Tintallë, Elentári ortanë máryat Oiolossëo ve fanyar “for now Varda, Star-kindler, Star-queen [has] lifted up her (two) hands from Mount Everwhite like (white) clouds” ✧ RGEO/59

Derivations

< ✶ortā- “to raise” ✧ PE22/159 (orortā̆iyē)
- < [orort]eë < oro[r]taye < orortā̆iyē ✧ PE22/159
< √RŌ/ORO “up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount” ✧ Let/426 (OR/RO); PE17/63 (OR/ORO); PE22/156 (OR)

Phonetic Developments

√OR/RO > ortani	[ortane]	✧ Let/426
√OR/ORO > ortā-	[orta-]	✧ PE17/63
√OR > ortā	[orta-]	✧ PE22/156
✶orortā̆iyē > oro[r]taye > [orort]eë > [orort]ie	[orortaijē] ? [orortajē] > [orortie]	✧ PE22/159

ᴹQ. orta-¹ v. (ta-causative) “to raise, lift” (Category: to Lift, Raise)

See Q. orta-¹ for discussion.

References ✧ Ety/ORO; PE22/104-109, 114-115, 117

Glosses

“raise” ✧ Ety/ORO; PE22/107 (ortā); PE22/106 (ortā́); PE22/106 (ortā́)
“raise, lift” ✧ PE22/114 (ortā́)

Variations

orta- ✧ Ety/ORO
ortā́ ✧ PE22/114; PE22/106 (ortā́); PE22/106 (ortā́)
ortā ✧ PE22/107

orta-¹ “to raise, lift” vs. orta-² “to rise”

Changes

ortanta >> ortaina ✧ PE22/108
ortavanta >> ortavaina ✧ PE22/109
ortave >> ortáre ✧ PE22/117
ortánie >> ortanelye ✧ PE22/117

Inflections

ortaia	active-participle		✧ PE22/106: seldom used
ortava	active-participle		✧ PE22/106; PE22/117
ortáya	active-participle		✧ PE22/106: seldom used
ortar	aorist plural		✧ PE22/117
ortalme	aorist with-1st-pl-object		✧ PE22/117
ortáte	aorist with-sg-object; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/117
ortáva	future	“will raise”	✧ PE22/104
ortáva	future		✧ PE22/105; PE22/109; PE22/117
ortavaina	future-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
ortavanta	future-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
ortave	gerund		✧ PE22/117
ortáre	gerund		✧ PE22/117
ortalya	imperfect-participle		✧ PE22/107
ortalya	imperfect-participle	“raising”	✧ PE22/117
ortaina	imperfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/108: only belonging to causative ortā
ortanta	imperfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/108: only belonging to causative ortā
orta	infinitive		✧ PE22/117
ortalye	long-perfect	“raising”	✧ PE22/117
ortanelye	long-perfect		✧ PE22/117
ortana	passive-participle		✧ PE22/114
ortane	past	“raised”	✧ PE22/115
ortane	past		✧ PE22/117
ortávane	past-future		✧ PE22/105
ortanie	perfect; weak-perfect		✧ PE22/117
ortánie	perfect; weak-perfect		✧ PE22/117
ortanwa	perfective-participle	“upraised on high; exalted”	✧ PE22/106

Element In

ᴹQ. ortalima “able to be raised”
ᴹQ. ortare “lifting up”
ᴹQ. ye ortalya “is raising” ✧ PE22/117

Cognates

N. ortha- “to raise” ✧ Ety/ORO (ortho)
ON. orta- “to raise” ✧ Ety/ORO (ortóbe)

Derivations

< ᴹ✶ortā- “to raise”
< ᴹ√RŌ/ORO “rise, up, high” ✧ Ety/ORO (ORO)

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√ORO > orta-

[orta-]

✧ Ety/ORO