✶short final [e], [a], [o] vanished; [-S{ĕăŏǝ}] > [-Sø]
References ✧ PE18/100, 107; PE19/105; PE21/71; VT47/13, 24-25
Phonetic Rule Elements
|
|
> |
|
|
|
|
> |
|
|
|
|
> |
|
|
|
|
> |
|
Phonetic Rule Examples
| abata > abat | -Să > -Sø | √ABA > S. avad | ✧ PE17/143 |
| ada > ad | -Să > -Sø | ✶ad(a) > az > Q. ar | ✧ PE17/41 |
| ada > ad | -Să > -Sø | ✶ad(a) > Q. ar | ✧ PE17/41 |
| ada > ad | -Să > -Sø | ✶ada > Q. ar | ✧ PE17/102 |
| aklara > aklar | -Să > -Sø | ✶áklara > Q. alkar | ✧ PE18/87 |
| aklara > aklar | -Să > -Sø | ✶aklara > Q. alkar | ✧ VT47/13 |
| aklara > aklar | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ√aklar(a) > ᴹQ. aklar | ✧ PE18/36 |
| ama > am | -Să > -Sø | ✶am(a) > Q. an | ✧ PE17/91 |
| ambara > ambar | -Să > -Sø | ✶ambar(ă) > Q. ambar | ✧ PE17/105 |
| anda > and | -Să > -Sø | ✶and(ă) > Q. an | ✧ PE17/90 |
| aŋŋala > aŋŋal | -Să > -Sø | ✶aññala > Q. angal | ✧ NM/350 |
| aŋŋala > aŋŋal | -Să > -Sø | ✶aŋŋala > Q. angal | ✧ NM/353 |
| astāra > astār | -Să > -Sø | ✶as’tāră > S. astor | ✧ PE17/183 |
| aθāra > aθār | -Să > -Sø | Val. aþāra > aþar > Q. asar | ✧ WJ/399 |
| awāda > awād | -Să > -Sø | √AWA > Q. öar | ✧ WJ/364 |
| awāda > awād | -Să > -Sø | ✶awā-da > Q. öar | ✧ WJ/366 |
| gaiara > gaiar | -Să > -Sø | ✶Gayar- > S. gaear | ✧ PM/363 |
| gaira > gair | -Să > -Sø | ✶gaı̯ră > S. gaer | ✧ PE17/27 |
| -kasa > -kas | -Să > -Sø | ✶-kāsă > Q. -kas | ✧ PE17/114 |
| kenasita > kenasit | -Să > -Sø | ✶kenásĭta > Q. kenasit | ✧ VT49/19 |
| kwāra > kwār | -Să > -Sø | ✶kwāra > Q. quár | ✧ PM/318 |
| kwāra > kwār | -Să > -Sø | ✶kwāră > Q. quár | ✧ VT47/8 |
| kwāra > kwār | -Să > -Sø | ✶kwāra > S. paur | ✧ PM/318 |
| lasa > las | -Să > -Sø | ✶lăsă > Q. las | ✧ PE22/140 |
| mbara > mbar | -Să > -Sø | ✶mbar(ă) > S. bâr | ✧ PE17/109 |
| mbara > mbar | -Să > -Sø | ✶mbar(ă) > S. bâr | ✧ PE17/109 |
| mbara > mbar | -Să > -Sø | ✶mbar > S. bar | ✧ PE17/163 |
| mbara > mbar | -Să > -Sø | ✶mbā̆r > S. bar | ✧ PE17/164 |
| mbarda > mbard | -Să > -Sø | √MBAR > Q. mar | ✧ PE17/64 |
| mbarda > mbard | -Să > -Sø | ✶mbardă > Q. mar | ✧ PE17/163 |
| mbarda > mbard | -Să > -Sø | ✶mbardā̆ > Q. mar | ✧ PE17/164 |
| mbarda > mbard | -Să > -Sø | ✶mbard(a) > Q. măr | ✧ PE21/76 |
| ṃbarta > ṃbart | -Să > -Sø | ✶ṃbart(ă) > ammarth > S. amarth | ✧ PE17/124 |
| -na > -n | -Să > -Sø | ✶-nă > Q. -n | ✧ VT49/14 |
| nābagrota > nābagrot | -Să > -Sø | ✶nāba-grota > nǭv-ʒrot > North S. †Novrod | ✧ WJ/414 |
| nāpata > nāpat | -Să > -Sø | ✶napata > Q. nápat | ✧ VT48/5 |
| nata > nat | -Să > -Sø | ✶năta > Q. nat | ✧ VT49/30 |
| naxarra > naxarr | -Să > -Sø | Val. næχærra > Q. Nahar | ✧ WJ/401 |
| -ta > -t | -Să > -Sø | ✶ata > Q. t | ✧ Let/427 |
| taŋkla > taŋkl | -Să > -Sø | ✶tanklă > Q. tañkal | ✧ PE19/83 |
| tolla > toll | -Să > -Sø | ✶tollă > Q. tol | ✧ VT47/26 |
| tulukʰasta > tulukʰast | -Să > -Sø | Val. Tulukhastāz > Q. Tulkas | ✧ WJ/399 |
| galatarīgelle > ɣalatārīgell | -Sĕ > -Sø | ✶galatā-rigellē̆ > Q. altáriel | ✧ PE17/50 |
| kalatārīgelle > kalatārīgell | -Sĕ > -Sø | ✶kalatā-rigellē̆ > Q. kaltáriel | ✧ PE17/50 |
| karane > karan | -Sĕ > -Sø | ✶carani- > S. caran | ✧ VT41/10 |
| kjawine > kjawin | -Sĕ > -Sø | ✶kyawine > tyawin > Q. tyavin | ✧ PE22/152 |
| kwerende > kwerend | -Sĕ > -Sø | √KWER > Q. querend- | ✧ PE17/65 |
| ledembasse > ledembass | -Sĕ > -Sø | ✶led(e)mbasse > Q. lerembas | ✧ PE17/52 |
| lepene > lepen | -Sĕ > -Sø | ✶lepen > S. leb(en | ✧ PE17/95 |
| lepene > lepen | -Sĕ > -Sø | ✶lepene > S. leben | ✧ VT42/24 |
| lepene > lepen | -Sĕ > -Sø | ✶lepene > S. leben | ✧ VT47/10 |
| lepene > lepen | -Sĕ > -Sø | ✶lepenē̆ > S. leben | ✧ VT47/24 |
| loune > loun | -Sĕ > -Sø | √LOW > lounē̆ > Q. lūn | ✧ PE17/137 |
| -ne > -n | -Sĕ > -Sø | ✶ni > Q. -n | ✧ VT49/51 |
| peltakse > peltaks | -Sĕ > -Sø | ✶peltakse- > Q. peltas | ✧ PE17/65 |
| ruiste > ruist | -Sĕ > -Sø | √RUYU > S. ruist | ✧ PE17/183 |
| -se > -s | -Sĕ > -Sø | ✶se/te > Q. -s | ✧ VT49/51 |
| tindōmiselde > tindōmiseld | -Sĕ > -Sø | ✶tindōmi-sel(dĕ) > tindómizel > Q. tindómerel | ✧ PE19/73 |
| uruste > urust | -Sĕ > -Sø | √(u)rus > S. rust | ✧ VT41/10 |
| abaro > abar | -Sŏ > -Sø | √ABA > Q. avar | ✧ PE17/143 |
| abaro > abar | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶abar > S. avar | ✧ VT47/13 |
| abaro > abar | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶abar > S. avar | ✧ VT47/24 |
| audelo > audel | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶aw(a)delo > Q. Aurel | ✧ WJ/363 |
| awādelo > awādel | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶awādelo > Q. Oärel | ✧ WJ/363 |
| denwego > denweg | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶Denwego > Q. Lenwe | ✧ WJ/412 |
| lepero > leper | -Sŏ > -Sø | †✶lepero > ✶leper- | ✧ VT47/10 |
| lepero > leper | -Sŏ > -Sø | †✶lepero > ✶leper- | ✧ VT47/24 |
| lepero > leper | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶leper- > S. leber | ✧ VT47/10 |
| lepero > leper | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶leper- > S. leber | ✧ VT47/24 |
| lepero > leper | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶leper > S. leber | ✧ VT48/5 |
| maitaro > maitar | -Sŏ > -Sø | √MAY > Q. maitar | ✧ PE17/163 |
| makaro > makar | -Sŏ > -Sø | √MAK > Q. makar | ✧ VT39/11 |
| mandosto > mandost | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶Mandostŏ > Q. Mandos | ✧ VT39/6 |
| mbelekōro > mbelekōr | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶mbelekōro > Q. Melkor | ✧ WJ/402 |
| ṃbono > ṃbon | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶ṃbono > Q. umbo(n) | ✧ PE17/93 |
| ndōro > ndōr | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶ndōro > Q. nór | ✧ WJ/413 |
| ŋgorotʰūso > ŋgorotʰūs | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶ñgor(o)-thūsō > ñorthus > Q. ñorsus | ✧ PE17/183 |
| -ro > -r | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶-rŏ > Q. #-r | ✧ WJ/371 |
| sataro > satar | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶satarŏ > Q. satar | ✧ PE17/183 |
| sataro > satar | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶satarŏ > S. sadar | ✧ PE17/183 |
| tulkatʰo > tulkatʰ | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ✶Tulkathŏ > ᴹQ. Tulkas | ✧ Ety/TULUK |
| urusko > urusk | -Sŏ > -Sø | √(u)rus > S. rusc | ✧ VT41/10 |
| urusto > urust | -Sŏ > -Sø | √(u)rus > Q. urus | ✧ VT41/10 |
| -wego > -weg | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶wegū̆/wego > -wē > Q. wĕ | ✧ PE17/190 |
| -wēgo > -wēg | -Sŏ > -Sø | ✶-wēg(o) > wē > Q. -we | ✧ PE21/81 |
ᴹ✶short final [e], [a], [o] vanished; [-S{ĕăŏǝ}] > [-Sø]
References ✧ PE18/49, 56; PE19/55
Related
Phonetic Rule Elements
|
|
> |
|
|
|
|
> |
|
|
|
|
> |
|
|
|
|
> |
|
Phonetic Rule Examples
| atara > atar | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ✶atar > Ilk. adar | ✧ Ety/ATA |
| galasa > galas | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ√GALÁS > alasa > ᴹQ. alar | ✧ EtyAC/GALÁS |
| ɣarana > ɣaran | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ√ƷAR > Dor. garan | ✧ EtyAC/ƷAR |
| jakta > jakt | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ✶yakta- > ᴹQ. yat | ✧ Ety/YAK |
| karda > kard | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ√KAR > N. carð | ✧ Ety/KAR |
| kwāra > kwār | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ√KWAR > ᴹQ. qár | ✧ Ety/KWAR |
| makla > makl | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ✶makla > ᴹQ. makil | ✧ Ety/MAK |
| makla > makl | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ✶maklă > ᴹQ. makal | ✧ PE19/39 |
| mbarda > mbard | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ√MBAR > ᴹQ. mar(d)- | ✧ EtyAC/MBAR |
| mbarda > mbard | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ√[?mbar] > ᴹQ. mar(d-) | ✧ EtyAC/SIL |
| ṃbarta > ṃbart | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ√MBARAT > ᴹQ. umbar | ✧ Ety/MBARAT |
| ṃbarta > ṃbart | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ✶ṃbárt- > ᴹQ. umbar | ✧ EtyAC/A |
| rāwa > rāw | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ✶rắwă > ᴹQ. †rāu | ✧ PE21/69 |
| sarda > sard | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ√SAR > ᴹQ. sar | ✧ Ety/SAR |
| swanda > swand | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ✶swanda > ᴹQ. hwan | ✧ Ety/SWAD |
| taŋkla > taŋkl | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ✶tankla > Ilk. tangol | ✧ Ety/TAK |
| taŋkla > taŋkl | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ✶tankla > ᴹQ. tankil | ✧ Ety/TAK |
| taŋkla > taŋkl | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ✶tañklă > tañkal(a) > ᴹQ. tañkal | ✧ PE19/40 |
| tekla > tekl | -Să > -Sø | ᴹ✶tekla > ᴹQ. tekil | ✧ Ety/TEK |
| arɣandōre > arɣandōr | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶arʒā + ndōrē > arʒandōrǝ > ON. Arandur | ✧ PE21/32 |
| balandore > balandor | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶bala-ndore > ON. Balandor | ✧ Ety/BAL |
| balare > balar | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶bálāre > N. Balar | ✧ Ety/BAL |
| etsire > etsir | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶etsiri > ᴹQ. etsir | ✧ Ety/ET |
| glinde > glind | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ√GLINDI > ᴹQ. ilin | ✧ Ety/GLINDI |
| karani > karane | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶karani > ᴹQ. karne | ✧ Ety/KARÁN |
| karani > karane | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶karani > ᴹQ. karne | ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN |
| kjabine > kjabin | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ√KYAB > ᴹQ. tyavin | ✧ Ety/KYAB |
| kjelde > kjeld | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ√KYEL > ᴹQ. tyel | ✧ Ety/KYEL |
| kwelette > kwelett | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶kwelett- > ᴹQ. qelet | ✧ Ety/KWEL |
| kwesseke > kwessek | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ√KWES > ᴹQ. qesset | ✧ Ety/KWES |
| kʰende > kʰend | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ√KHEN-D-E > ᴹQ. hen | ✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E |
| mberende > mberend | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ√MBER > ᴹQ. meren | ✧ Ety/MBER |
| mbirille > mbirill | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ√MBIRÍL > ᴹQ. miril | ✧ Ety/MBIRIL |
| morikwende > morikwend | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶mŏrĭkwĕndĕ > ᴹQ. moriqen | ✧ PE21/69 |
| ndīse > ndīs | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶ndīse > ON. ndîs | ✧ Ety/NDIS |
| oronte > oront | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ√ÓROT > ᴹQ. oron | ✧ Ety/ÓROT |
| parmāne > parmān | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶parmānĕ > parmān > ᴹQ. parman | ✧ PE21/61 |
| peltakse > peltaks | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶peltakse > ᴹQ. peltas | ✧ Ety/PEL |
| peltakse > peltaks | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶péle-tàksē > péle-tàksĕ > ᴹQ. péle-taks(ǝ) | ✧ PE19/57 |
| pʰionde > pʰiond | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ√PHI > ᴹQ. fion | ✧ Ety/PHI |
| silimarille > silimarill | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶silima-rille > ᴹQ. Silmarille | ✧ Ety/RIL |
| tatʰare > tatʰar | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶tathar > ᴹQ. tasar | ✧ Ety/TATHAR |
| tēɣe > tēɣ | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶tēñe > N. tî | ✧ Ety/TEÑ |
| tindōmiselde > tindōmiseld | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶tindōmiselde > ᴹQ. Tindómerel | ✧ Ety/SEL-D |
| tindōmiselde > tindōmiseld | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶Tindōmiselde > ᴹQ. Tindómerel | ✧ Ety/TIN |
| tindōmiselde > tindōmiseld | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶Tindōmi-seldĕ > Tindómisel > ᴹQ. Tindómirel | ✧ PE19/33 |
| wilwarinde > wilwarind | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ√WIL > Ilk. gwilwering | ✧ Ety/WIL |
| balīndōre > βalīndōr | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶balī́-ndō̆re > ᴹQ. Valinor | ✧ Ety/BAL |
| balīndōre > βalīndōr | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶Bắlī + ndṓrḗ > Bálīndṑrē > Bálĭndṑrĕ > Balindor > ᴹQ. Valinor | ✧ PE19/59 |
| balīnōre > βalīnōr | -Sĕ > -Sø | ᴹ✶Balī-nṓrē̆ > Bali-nṓr(e) > ᴹQ. Valinor | ✧ PE18/56 |
| abāro > abār | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ✶ábārō̆ > ᴹQ. Avar/Avaro | ✧ Ety/AB |
| endero > ender | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ✶Enderō > ᴹQ. Ender | ✧ EtyAC/E |
| endero > ender | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ✶Endero > ᴹQ. Ender | ✧ Ety/NDER |
| endero > ender | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ√DER > N. Enner | ✧ Ety/TULUK |
| galāsŏ > galāsǝ | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ✶galā́sŏ > galṓsǝ > ON. galṓs | ✧ PE22/26 |
| kōro > kōr | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ✶koro > ᴹQ. Kôr | ✧ EtyAC/KOR |
| koro > kor | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ✶koro > N. Cór | ✧ Ety/KOR |
| kǭro > kǭr | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ✶kǭro > N. Caur | ✧ EtyAC/KOR |
| kʰalatirno > kʰalatirn | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ✶khalatirnō̆ > ᴹQ. halatir | ✧ Ety/TIR |
| kʰatro > kʰatr | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ√KHAT > N. hador | ✧ Ety/KHAT |
| pʰajanāro > pʰajanār | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ✶Phay-anāro > ON. Phayanṓr | ✧ Ety/PHAY |
| spanturo > spantur | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ✶Spanturo > ᴹQ. Fantur | ✧ Ety/SPAN |
| spanturo > spantur | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ✶Spanturo > N. Fennyr/Fennuir | ✧ Ety/SPAN |
| tjalaŋgando > tjalaŋgand | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ✶tyalañgandō̆ > ᴹQ. tyalangan | ✧ Ety/TYAL |
| tollo > toll | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ✶tollo > ᴹQ. tol | ✧ Ety/TOL² |
| wājaro > wājar | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ✶wā́yārō̆/Vā́yārō̆ > N. Uiar | ✧ Ety/WAY |
| -wego > -weg | -Sŏ > -Sø | ᴹ✶-wego > weg > ᴹQ. -we | ✧ Ety/WEG |
| anārǝ > anār | -Sǝ > -Sø | ᴹ✶anār- > N. Anor | ✧ Ety/ANÁR |
| aŋgolǝ > aŋgol | -Sǝ > -Sø | ᴹ✶aññol- > N. angol | ✧ Ety/ÑOL |
| aŋgolǝ > aŋgol | -Sǝ > -Sø | ᴹ✶aññol > N. angol | ✧ EtyAC/N |
| aŋgossǝ > aŋgoss | -Sǝ > -Sø | ᴹ✶añgoss- > N. angos | ✧ EtyAC/GOS |
| boronǝ > boron | -Sǝ > -Sø | ᴹ✶bóron- > ON. boron | ✧ Ety/BOR |
| bradilǝ > bradil | -Sǝ > -Sø | ᴹ✶b’radil- > ON. Bradil | ✧ Ety/BARÁD |
| jārǝ > jār | -Sǝ > -Sø | ᴹ√YAR > Ilk. ôr | ✧ Ety/YAR |
| mōlǝ > mōl | -Sǝ > -Sø | ᴹ✶mōl- > N. mûl | ✧ Ety/MŌ |
| nājǝ > nāj | -Sǝ > -Sø | ᴹ✶nāyǝ > noi > ON. nui | ✧ Ety/NAY |
| oŋgolǝ > oŋgol | -Sǝ > -Sø | ᴹ✶oññol- > N. ongol | ✧ EtyAC/ÑOL |
| skjapatǝ > skjapat | -Sǝ > -Sø | ᴹ✶skyapat- > ON. skhapa | ✧ Ety/SKYAP |
ᴱ✶final [ǝ] vanished; [-ǝ] > [-ø]
Reference ✧ PE12/4
Order (00400)
| After | 00300 | short final [e], [a], [o] became [ǝ] | ||
| Before | 00600 | short final [i], [u] became [e], [o] |
Phonetic Rule Elements
|
|
> |
|
Phonetic Rule Examples
| ajǝ > aj | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√AY̯A > ᴱQ. ai | ✧ QL/34 |
| ajstǝ > ajst | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√AY̯A > ᴱQ. ais | ✧ QL/34 |
| akajristǝ > akajrist | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√KAYA > ᴱQ. akairis | ✧ QL/46 |
| arakǝ > arak | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ✶a + raka- > ᴱQ. arak | ✧ QL/30 |
| areandǝ > areand | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√ARA > ᴱQ. arean | ✧ QL/32 |
| awrinǝ > awrin | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ✶aurina- > ᴱQ. aurin | ✧ PE13/160 |
| awrinǝ > awrin | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√AWA > ᴱQ. aurin | ✧ QL/33 |
| aɸtjǝ > aɸtj | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√AFA > [aft]yǝ > ᴱQ. apte | ✧ QL/29 |
| etlǝ > etl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√ETE > ᴱQ. etl | ✧ QL/36 |
| ɣalastǝ > ɣalast | -ǝ > -ø | ‽ᴱ✶ʒalast- > ᴱQ. alas | ✧ QL/30 |
| ɣirdǝ > ɣird | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ✶ʒirdǝ > ᴱQ. hir | ✧ PE13/161 |
| ɣirdǝ > ɣird | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ✶ʒird- > ᴱQ. ir | ✧ PE13/144 |
| kaklǝ > kakl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√KAKA > ᴱQ. katl | ✧ QL/44 |
| kalumektǝ > kalumekt | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ✶k’lamektā > ᴱQ. kalumet | ✧ PE13/162 |
| kantjǝ > kantj | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ✶kantya > ᴱQ. kante | ✧ PE13/140 |
| karasǝ > karas | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ✶karase > karar > ᴱQ. kalar | ✧ PE14/70 |
| kḷtǝ > kḷt | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√KLTL > ᴱQ. kilt | ✧ QL/47 |
| kṇtlǝ > kṇtl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√KᴬNTᴬN > ᴱQ. kantl | ✧ QL/45 |
| kṛniǝ > kṛni | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√KṚN > [kṛn]ı̯ǝ > ᴱQ. karne | ✧ QL/48 |
| kʷalinǝ > kʷalin | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√QALA > ᴱQ. qalin | ✧ QL/76 |
| kʷetlǝ > kʷetl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√QETE > ᴱQ. qetl | ✧ QL/77 |
| kʷinðǝl > kʷinðl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√QIŘI > ᴱQ. qindl | ✧ QL/77 |
| kʷintǝl > kʷintl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√QINI > ᴱQ. qintl | ✧ QL/77 |
| lakʷsǝ > lakʷs | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√LAQA > ᴱQ. las | ✧ QL/51 |
| lamnǝ > lamn | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ✶labna > lamna > lamn > ᴱQ. lama | ✧ PE14/70 |
| laptǝ > lapt | -ǝ > -ø | ‽ᴱ√LAPA > ᴱQ. Lat | ✧ QL/51 |
| linðǝ > linð | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√LIŘI > ᴱQ. lin | ✧ PME/54 |
| linðǝ > linð | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√LIŘI > ᴱQ. lin¹ | ✧ QL/54 |
| liplǝ > lipl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√LIPI > ᴱQ. litl | ✧ QL/54 |
| lḷtǝ > lḷt | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√LḶTḶ > ᴱQ. lilt | ✧ QL/55 |
| luklǝ > lukl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√LUKU > ᴱQ. lutl | ✧ QL/56 |
| malwǝ > malw | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√MALA¹ > [mal]wǝ > ᴱQ. malo | ✧ QL/58 |
| matlǝ > matl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√MATA > ᴱQ. matl | ✧ QL/59 |
| maxǝ > max | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√MAHA > maha > ᴱQ. mā | ✧ QL/57 |
| maxntǝl > maxntl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√MAHA > ᴱQ. mantl | ✧ QL/57 |
| mburjǝ > mburj | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ✶mbúrya: > ᴱQ. mure | ✧ PE13/139 |
| meklǝ > mekl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√MEKE > ᴱQ. metl | ✧ QL/60 |
| mḷdðʲǝ > mḷdðʲ | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√MLŘL > mldẏǝ > ᴱQ. mildi | ✧ QL/62 |
| ŋarkðʲǝ > ŋarkðʲ | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√ŊARA > ‽narkẏǝ > ᴱQ. narte | ✧ QL/64 |
| ṇðjǝ > ṇðj | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√NÐN > yǝ > ᴱQ. ande | ✧ QL/31 |
| nṇgwǝ > nṇgw | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√NṆGṆ > ‽nṇg·ẇǝ > ᴱQ. nungo | ✧ QL/66 |
| nʲatlǝ > nʲatl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√NYATA > ᴱQ. nyatl | ✧ QL/68 |
| orjǝ > orj | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√ORO² > [or]ı̯ǝ > ᴱQ. ore | ✧ QL/70 |
| paplǝ > papl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√PAPA > ᴱQ. patl | ✧ QL/72 |
| pelesǝ > peles | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ✶pelesa > ᴱQ. peler | ✧ PE13/147 |
| petlǝ > petl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√PETE > ᴱQ. petl | ✧ QL/73 |
| pḷtʲǝ > pḷtʲ | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√PḶT͡YḶ > ᴱQ. pilt | ✧ QL/74 |
| puntlǝ > puntl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√PU(HU) > ᴱQ. puntl | ✧ QL/75 |
| rotlǝ > rotl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√ROTO > ᴱQ. rotl | ✧ QL/80 |
| ṛtʲǝ > ṛtʲ | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√ᴵRTYᴵR > ᴱQ. irt | ✧ QL/43 |
| saklǝ > sakl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√SAKA > ᴱQ. satl | ✧ QL/81 |
| skendǝ > skend | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ✶ske-ndá > ᴱQ. hen | ✧ PE13/147 |
| sṇtjǝ > sṇtj | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√SṆTṆ > -ẏe > ᴱQ. sinte | ✧ QL/85 |
| suklǝ > sukl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√SUKU > ᴱQ. sutl | ✧ QL/87 |
| swandǝ > swand | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ✶swandǝ > ᴱQ. fan | ✧ PE12/26 |
| swǝnī > swnī | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ✶sw(ǝ)nī́ > ᴱQ. suni | ✧ PE12/26 |
| swǝnī > swnī | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ✶sẇǝnī́ > ᴱQ. suni | ✧ QL/82 |
| tentlǝ > tentl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√TENE > ᴱQ. tentl | ✧ QL/91 |
| tetlǝ > tetl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√TETE > ᴱQ. tetl | ✧ QL/92 |
| tilnǝ > tiln | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√TILI² > tilnǝ > ᴱQ. til² | ✧ QL/92 |
| tṇtlǝ > tṇtl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√TṆTṆ > ᴱQ. tantl | ✧ QL/93 |
| tompǝl > tompl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√TOMPO > ᴱQ. tontl | ✧ QL/94 |
| tṛtʲǝ > tṛtʲ | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√TṚT͡YṚ > ᴱQ. tirt | ✧ QL/94 |
| θxendǝ > θxend | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ✶þχe-ndǝ > ᴱQ. hen | ✧ PE12/21 |
| θʲaðmǝ > θʲaðm | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√HYAŘA > ᴱQ. hyar | ✧ QL/41 |
| tʲetlǝ > tʲetl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√TYETE > ᴱQ. tyetl | ✧ QL/50 |
| xaðǝ > xað | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√HAŘA > ᴱQ. har(e) | ✧ QL/39 |
| xaliskǝ > xalisk | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√HALA > ᴱQ. halis | ✧ QL/39 |
| xeplǝ > xepl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√HEPE > ᴱQ. hetl | ✧ QL/40 |
| xestǝ > xest | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√HESE > ᴱQ. hes | ✧ QL/40 |
| xondǝ > xond | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√HONO > ᴱQ. hon | ✧ QL/40 |
| xontʲǝ > xontʲ | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√HOTYO > ᴱQ. hont | ✧ QL/41 |
| xostǝ > xost | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√HOSO > ᴱQ. hos | ✧ QL/41 |
| ɸalassǝ > ɸalass | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√FALA > ᴱQ. falas | ✧ QL/37 |
| ɸantǝl > ɸantl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√FANA > ᴱQ. fantl | ✧ QL/37 |
| ɸinðǝl > ɸinðl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√FIŘI > ᴱQ. findl | ✧ QL/38 |
| ɸintǝ > ɸint | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√FINI > ᴱQ. fint | ✧ QL/38 |
| ɸṇðosǝ > ɸṇðos | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√FṆÐṆ > ᴱQ. fandor | ✧ QL/38 |
| ɸṇðossǝ > ɸṇðoss | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√FṆÐṆ > ᴱQ. fandos | ✧ QL/38 |
| βaxnǝl > βaxnl | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√VAHA > ᴱQ. vandl | ✧ LT1A/Qalvanda |
| βṛtʲǝ > βṛtʲ | -ǝ > -ø | ᴱ√VṚT͡YṚ > ᴱQ. virt | ✧ QL/102 |
ᴱ✶final [j], [w] became [i], [u]; [-{jw}] > [-{iu}]
References ✧ PE12/5, 11
Order (00500)
| Before | final [l], [r], [n] became syllabic after a consonant | |||
| Before | 00600 | short final [i], [u] became [e], [o] |
Phonetic Rule Elements
|
|
> |
|
|
|
|
> |
|
Phonetic Rule Examples
| aɸtj > aɸti | -j > -i | ᴱ√AFA > [aft]yǝ > ᴱQ. apte | ✧ QL/29 |
| kantj > kanti | -j > -i | ᴱ✶kantya > ᴱQ. kante | ✧ PE13/140 |
| mburj > mburi | -j > -i | ᴱ✶mbúrya: > ᴱQ. mure | ✧ PE13/139 |
| ṇðj > ṇði | -j > -i | ᴱ√NÐN > yǝ > ᴱQ. ande | ✧ QL/31 |
| orj > ori | -j > -i | ᴱ√ORO² > [or]ı̯ǝ > ᴱQ. ore | ✧ QL/70 |
| sṇtj > sṇti | -j > -i | ᴱ√SṆTṆ > -ẏe > ᴱQ. sinte | ✧ QL/85 |
| malw > malu | -w > -u | ᴱ√MALA¹ > [mal]wǝ > ᴱQ. malo | ✧ QL/58 |
| nṇgw > nṇgu | -w > -u | ᴱ√NṆGṆ > ‽nṇg·ẇǝ > ᴱQ. nungo | ✧ QL/66 |
ᴱ✶short final [e], [a], [o] became [ǝ]; [-S{ĕăŏ}] > [-Sǝ]
References ✧ PE12/4, 9
Order (00300)
| Before | 00400 | final [ǝ] vanished |
Phonetic Rule Elements
|
|
> |
|
|
|
|
> |
|
|
|
|
> |
|
Phonetic Rule Examples
| aja > ajǝ | -Să > -Sǝ | ᴱ√AY̯A > ᴱQ. ai | ✧ QL/34 |
| araka > arakǝ | -Să > -Sǝ | ᴱ✶a + raka- > ᴱQ. arak | ✧ QL/30 |
| awrina > awrinǝ | -Să > -Sǝ | ᴱ✶aurina- > ᴱQ. aurin | ✧ PE13/160 |
| awrina > awrinǝ | -Să > -Sǝ | ᴱ√AWA > ᴱQ. aurin | ✧ QL/33 |
| kantja > kantjǝ | -Să > -Sǝ | ᴱ✶kantya > ᴱQ. kante | ✧ PE13/140 |
| kʷalina > kʷalinǝ | -Să > -Sǝ | ᴱ√QALA > ᴱQ. qalin | ✧ QL/76 |
| lamna > lamnǝ | -Să > -Sǝ | ᴱ✶labna > lamna > lamn > ᴱQ. lama | ✧ PE14/70 |
| maxa > maxǝ | -Să > -Sǝ | ᴱ√MAHA > maha > ᴱQ. mā | ✧ QL/57 |
| mburja > mburjǝ | -Să > -Sǝ | ᴱ✶mbúrya: > ᴱQ. mure | ✧ PE13/139 |
| pelesa > pelesǝ | -Să > -Sǝ | ᴱ✶pelesa > ᴱQ. peler | ✧ PE13/147 |
| skenda > skendǝ | -Să > -Sǝ | ᴱ✶ske-ndá > ᴱQ. hen | ✧ PE13/147 |
| kalumekta > kalumektǝ | -Sĕ > -Sǝ | ᴱ✶k’lamektā > ᴱQ. kalumet | ✧ PE13/162 |
| karase > karasǝ | -Sĕ > -Sǝ | ᴱ✶karase > karar > ᴱQ. kalar | ✧ PE14/70 |
| sṇtje > sṇtjǝ | -Sĕ > -Sǝ | ᴱ√SṆTṆ > -ẏe > ᴱQ. sinte | ✧ QL/85 |
| xondo > xondǝ | -Sŏ > -Sǝ | ᴱ√HONO > ᴱQ. hon | ✧ QL/40 |